明确说明文的读文、答题程序
A
(2024·原创题)The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched (草盖的) roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings—these are still common sights in parts of England.Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.
Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles(英伦诸岛)．Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings，it was once used for castles and churches too.
Thatching is a solitary (独立的) craft，which often runs in families.The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages.Over 800 full－time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today，maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses.Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.
In fact，if we look at developing countries，over half the world lives under thatch，but they all do it in different ways.People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings.However，they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials.Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months.Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years，and is an effective defense against the heat.
语篇解读：本文是一篇社会文化类说明文。用草做屋顶的房子是英伦诸岛上最早的建筑，直到今天还有800多人从事这个行业。用草做屋顶的房子现在不仅是人们的住房，还包括一些教堂和城堡。但这与发展中国家不同，人们不是没钱建造更好的房子，而是这样的房子冬暖夏凉。
1．Which of the following remains a unique feature against the heat ________. A．Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses. B．Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.
C．Cottages with thatched roofs. D．Churches with cottages around them.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章第三段最后一句Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter，选C。
[答案] C
2．What do we know about thatching as a craft? A．It is a collective activity.
B．It is practised on farms all over England. C．It is quite different from what it used to be. D．It is in most cases handed down among family members.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段句子Thatching is a solitary (独立的) craft，which often runs in families，选D。
[答案] D
3．People in developing countries also live under thatch because ________. A．thatched cottages are a big tourist attraction B．thatched roof houses are the cheapest
C．thatch is an effective defense against the heat D．they like thatched houses better than other buildings
[解析] 推理判断题。文章第最后一段作者说However，they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials，所以选B。
[答案] B
4．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient times. B．thatching is a building craft first created by the English people. C．the English people have a special liking for thatched houses. D．most thatched cottage in England are located on hillsides.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章第一段描绘了一幅乡村美景，并说明Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.结合后文英国人对这种房子的热爱，可判断选C。
[答案] C
B
(2017·山东枣庄三中高三9月质量检测))It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar，but new research
suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet.Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in_moderation can actually lose weight.
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，“Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain.” The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.
Boston University's Dr.Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood.His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病)，which relate to increasing obesity.Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods.They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one's risk of becoming obese.What's more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.
语篇解读：文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们适量喝葡萄酒还会减肥。 5．The passage is mainly for those ________. A．who produce wine
B．who have a drinking habit C．who go on a diet
D．who are eager to lose weight
[解析] 推理判断题。文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系。所以说是写给有喝酒习惯的人的，故选B。
[答案] B
6．The underlined phrase“ in moderation” in the first paragraph means ________.
A．excitedly C．frequently
B．carefully D．properly
[解析] 猜测词义题。与上句形成对比，此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation“适度”与D项同义，故选D。
[答案] D
7．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight. B．Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.
C．The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D．The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.可知，A错误；根据最后一句a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.可知，B错误；根据第三段His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病)，which relate to increasing obesity.可知，C正确；根据倒数第二段future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks可知，D错误。故选C。
[答案] C
8．What is most likely to be discussed in the following paragraph? A．How to do some easy experiments.
B．How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C．How to prove the finding mentioned above. D．How to make wine in a healthy way.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点，
[答案] C
故选C。
2024高三英语二轮复习 板块二 语篇理解题 专题一 阅读理解 6 明确说明文的读文、答题程序
