guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTsks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiativeSecondly, we should strengthen the team. A unit is a team in various sections of the unit inside is also a small team. A unit with a team spirit, formed a team responsibility, cohesion and competitiveness. You want to make a unit, a Department work improvement, must be melting inside a feeling of solidarity and mutual help, for a common goal and determined to achieve the spirit, cultivating a strong collective spirit and team responsibility, sense of honor. Therefore, we need to start improving office work and enhance the efficiency of Office work and strive to build a concerted ... Fault. In accordance with the requirements of modern management science, establishing strict responsibility system of management by objectives. A work who is in charge, who is in charge and who is responsible, what right do these people have, what responsibility, has to truthfully and clearly understood. Departments at all levels should strictly implement the check in the Office of party Committee evaluation, significant accountability and reward incentive system, pay close attention to duty cash and making unity, rights, responsibilities, and to inspire each of cadres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, is a deep topic, is a real problem, is a big issue. Today, I just combined this year, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk and understanding, we must strengthen research and exchanges in this regard in the future. Investee in the new year, we must hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping theory and the \presents\ct leadership of the CPC, adhere to the people-oriented, insist on truth, adhere first to excellence, efforts to do Office work to a new level. Speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city around the development of service function to create a new situation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Government--speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city This system of government offices working in the city's main task is to study Government systems of administrative supervision, administrative information, administrative reception and information technology issues. For the meeting, the City Mayor Ma has made important instructions, the Municipal Government Office fully prepared brewing, combined with practical work to develop the notice on further strengthening the supervision work, the XX, Chief Information interim measures for 2005 and the city's system of Government Administration informatization construction task statement and other documents. Before the General Assembly and organization of counties (districts) of the scene to observe the Government Office, achieve the purpose of exchanges of work, thought. Today, the ang Mayor also attended the meeting and delivered an important speech in the midst, hope good grasp of implementation. Next, I would like to make a few remarks. A, and around Center, looks at development, strengthened service, city government system Office work rendering atmosphere in recent years, city government system Office to
公共政策复习试题及答案
一、单选题（在本题的每一小题的备选答案中，只有一个答案是正确的，请把你认为正确答案的题号，填入题干的括号内。多选不给分。每题1分，共25分）
l、\公共政策是对全社会的价值做有权威的分配\，提出这一命题的学者是（ B ）。 a.拉斯韦尔 b.伊斯顿 c.戴伊 d.安德森
2、美国学者林德布洛姆提出的公共政策模型是（ A ）。 a.渐进主义模型 b.理性主义模型 c.规范最佳模型 d.政治系统模型 3、政策的核心取向是（ D ）。
a.功能取向 b.过程取向 c.结构取向 d.目标取向
4、公共政策问题通常由官方首先提出，再通过一定的形式提交社会讨论，这种政策议程的构建模型是（ B ）。
a.外在创始模型 b.动员模型 c.内在创始模型 d.自发模型 5、全国人民代表大会的主要决策方式是（ D ）。
a.合议制 b.合议、三权分立制 c.民主集中制 d.合议、民主集中制 6、公共政策问题认定后，政策制定者首当其冲要考虑的是（ C ）。 a.拟定政策方案 b.评估政策方案 c.确定政策目标 d.择定政策方案
7、\上政策\是政策执行偏差的一种典型表现形式，它主要表现为（ D ）。 a.象征式政策执行 b.残缺式政策执行 c.替代式政策执行 d.附加式政策执行
8、在政策评估中，考察既定政策目标实现后政策结果满足人们需求、价值与机会的有效程度，是件估（ D ）。
a.政策效率 b.政策效益 c.政策效能 d.国应的充分性
9、政策主体与客体呈现周期性更迭变化，这种政策周期应属于（ C ）。 a.阶段性周期 b.功能性周期 c.反复性周期 d.结构性周期 10、以下组织院于强制性公共组织的是（ C ）。 a.学校 b.工会 c.行政机构 d.妇联
11、对策论；作为政策分析的创造性方法之一，又被称作（ C ）。 a.脚本写作 b.头脑风暴法 c.博弃论 d.个人判断法
12、公共政策学发展的第一阶段，对政策过程研究的重点是（ B ）。 a.政策评估 b.政策制定、 c.政策执行 d.政策终结
13、把公共利益诉求转换为权威性的公共政策，这是（ C ）。 a.利益表达 b.利益综合 c.政策制定 d.政策执行
14、在美国，以下选项中不属于公共政策的是（ D ）。 a.立法决策 b.行政决策 c.司法决策 d.政党政策
15、当代中国各级法院和检察院在政策过程中的基本功能是（ A ）。 a.政策执行 b.政策研究 c.政策制定 d.政策分析
16、政策主体制约、禁止政策对象的行为，这使政策对政策对象具有（ B ）。 a.沟通功能 b.管制功能一 c.监督功能 d.平衡功能
17、公共政策学发展的第二阶段的代表人物是（ C ）。 a.林德布洛姆 b.西蒙 c.德洛尔 d.戴伊 18、政策制定过程的起点是（ A ）。
nd steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the \ounding situation, pay attention to implementation\core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be \ssenger\confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation consciousness, this is Government Office sector first bit of task, to first, and is duty-bound, insisted reported truth, and told truth, and out confess, and do facts, and pragmatic effect, put work of to points real put to research solution reform development stable in the of major problem Shang, put to research solution masses production life in the of urgent problem Shang, put to research solution work in the exists of highlight problem Shang, put an end to to Conference implement Conference, to file implementation file, never can makes superior of decision and deployment in a \on\System Office of the Government sector must take the lead in party and Government policies, the deployment and carry out specific targets, in the implementation efforts, for example on the implementation, on the implementation of a performance. City Government System Office to seriously implement implementation national, and Province Government system Secretary-General Office Director Conference spirit, according to around overall, grasp implementation this a general requirements, insisted reform innovation, further change management concept, nd management functions, and management system and management method; insisted quality first, ensure for led, and for grass-roots, and for masses provides quality efficient service; insisted strictly rule political, efforts construction a support political firm, and business master, and service political clean, and style excellent of Office team. Concrete work, and must deal with \onships\handle well the relationship between passive adaptation and active service. Office service functions to the passive aspect of its work, which requires us to host lead when action must be strictly in accordance with the intentions and requirements for leadership, work within the limits of delegated authority, not offside, partipation in the intervention, and not decision-making, coordination is not contemplated. Meanwhile, Office work and must become more conscious, give full play to the initiative and work to some foreseeable, be proactive, prepared, thinking ahead, providing information, active leadership, reflect the situation, ahead of good research, reference point, in key places to promote overall efficiency. Second, to handle the relationship between administrative services and transaction services. Administrative services and Services Office services complement the two aspects of the job. Administrative services is the core service is guaranteed. Note that combines both, adhere to government service as the main line, the Chief turns around the overall situation, turns around the district. On one hand, will attachthree a representative\nt thought for guide, efforts adapted new situation, and new task, and new requirements, tightly around city reform development of overall, further change functions, strengthened service, determined to innovation, Government System Office overall work of quality and level has has new of improve, for city economic social development made has due of contribution. 1, staff assistant for further strengthening. Around the focus of leadership services, actively carry out research studies, for all levels of Government on the event, grab global proposed a number of solutions with a higher reference value recommendations provide a basis for improving government leadership. About development, adjustment of interest difficulty, people the focus of the problem, and give full play to the offices that are interlinked, dredge about, contact and coordination of functions, in order to reduce conflict, to avoid omissions, form a joint force, promoting the Government to play an active role in the work as a whole. Working around Government Center implementation supervision intensified, broadened and improved efficiency, do check the fruit, fruit, assisting the Government in implementation of the Assistant role to play, a powerful impetus to the realization of the objectives of the Government. 2, the service areas to further expand. The full implementation of the open government pilot project, strengthening carrier construction, innovative forms of public, deepening public content, extends the open range, regulate public procedures, establishment of a city, County, ownship and village-level administration system, to meet the people's right to knowcreates conditions for the effective exercise of supervision. Development issued the XX, matters of significant public policy implementation measures, such as the question of hearing 6 system, open Government continues to promote in depth. Established opened the city (County) long public phones, solving a number of concern people's immediate interests and produce hot spots and difficult problems in life, by all sectors of the community alike. Universal Chief was built starting at the city and county levelsHall masses, serve the community for the Government to play a better Windows and tie. With the system of Government Office for hub, connecting the County (district) and the departments of municipal government Web sites and Office decision-making service system has been built in the city, Government Office local area network established, significantly accelerate the pace of office automation and information network. 3, improved quality and productivity with new work. City levels Government Office put pursuit quality and efficiency as measure Office overall work level of important standard, pendulum in highlight location, around service overall, and pay close attention to the implementation this central, right processing inherited and innovation, and full and focus, and on Shang service and on Xia service of relationship, bold innovation, focused on effectiveness, presentation of policy sex, and targeted andguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a governmnt system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTsks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiativeSecondly, we should strengthen the team. A unit is a team in various sections of the unit inside is also a small team. A unit with a team spirit, formed a team responsibility, cohesion and competitiveness. You want to make a unit, a Department work improvement, must be melting inside a feeling of solidarity and mutual help, for a common goal and determined to achieve the spirit, cultivating a strong collective spirit and team responsibility, sense of honor. Therefore, we need to start improving office work and enhance the efficiency of Office work and strive to build a concerted ... Fault. In accordance with the requirements of modern management science, establishing strict responsibility system of management by objectives. A work who is in charge, who is in charge and who is responsible, what right do these people have, what responsibility, has to truthfully and clearly understood. Departments at all levels should strictly implement the check in the Office of party Committee evaluation, significant accountability and reward incentive system, pay close attention to duty cash and making unity, rights, responsibilities, and to inspire each of cadres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, is a deep topic, is a real problem, is a big issue. Today, I just combined this year, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk and understanding, we must strengthen research and exchanges in this regard in the future. Investee in the new year, we must hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping theory and the \presents\ct leadership of the CPC, adhere to the people-oriented, insist on truth, adhere first to excellence, efforts to do Office work to a new level. Speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city around the development of service function to create a new situation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Government--speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city This system of government offices working in the city's main task is to study Government systems of administrative supervision, administrative information, administrative reception and information technology issues. For the meeting, the City Mayor Ma has made important instructions, the Municipal Government Office fully prepared brewing, combined with practical work to develop the notice on further strengthening the supervision work, the XX, Chief Information interim measures for 2005 and the city's system of Government Administration informatization construction task statement and other documents. Before the General Assembly and organization of counties (districts) of the scene to observe the Government Office, achieve the purpose of exchanges of work, thought. Today, the ang Mayor also attended the meeting and delivered an important speech in the midst, hope good grasp of implementation. Next, I would like to make a few remarks. A, and around Center, looks at development, strengthened service, city government system Office work rendering atmosphere in recent years, city government system Office to a.政策问题的认定 b.政策目标的认定 c.政策方案的认定 d.社会问题的认定
19、下列行为中，属于公共政策诉求的是（ B ）。 a.学生要求学校减免学费 b.农民要求政府减轻负担 c.工人要求工厂增加工资 d.公众要求传媒关注生态环境
20、政府组织正式讨论和认定有关公共政策问题的过程是（ B ）。 a.系统议程 b.政府议程 c.公众议程 d.社会议程
21、在政策执行过程中，决定政策去向的最有效方式是（ D ）。 a.政策制定 b.政策宣传 c.政策延续 d.政策评估 22、下列不能归入政策终始对象的选项是（ A ）。 a.政府 b.功能 c.组织 d.政策
23、作为一种特殊形式的政策评估，即建立在评估基础上的一种权力行为，这指的是（ C ）。 a.正式评估 b.内部评估 c.政策监控 d.非正式评估
24、根据政策评估的结果，采取渐进方式，对现有政策加以补充、修正，这是（ D）。 a.政策均衡 b.政策终结 c.政策持续 d.政策调整 25、以下说法中错误的说法是（ C ）。 a.不采取行动也是一种政策 b.法律是一种公共政策 c.公共政策制定的唯一主体就是政府机关 d.公共政策涉及社会价值的分配
二、多选题（在本题的每一小题的备选答案中，正确答案有三个或三个以上，请把你认为正确答案的题号，填入题干的括号内。少选、多选不给分。每题2分，共10分） 1、全国人民代表大会决策结果的主要表现形式有（ ABCE ）。 a.人大决定 b.基本法律 c.一般法律 d.地方性法规 e.宪法
2、政策依其涉及的社会内容的不同可以分成以下类型（ ABC ）。 a.政治政策 b.文化政策 c.经济政策 d.基本政策 e.元政策 3、公共政策的直接主体有（ BDE ）。
a.选民 b.立法机关 c.利益集团 d.行政机关 e.领袖人物 4、公共政策问题的基本属性有（ ABE ）。 a.关联性 b.主观性 c.单一性 d.静态性 e.动态性
5、影响公共政策执行的社会环境因素主要包括（ ACD ）。 a.政治环境 b.自然灾害 c.经济环境 d.社会心理环境 e.生态环境 三、简答题（每题5分，共25分）
1、简述公共政策学的创立者拉斯韦尔所揭示的这门学科的特点。 （1）它是有关民主主义的学问。（1分） （2）逻辑实证主义是它的哲学基础。（1分） （3）它是一门跨学科的学问。（1分）
（4）它是学者与政府官员共同研究的学问。（l分）
（5）它是以社会发展为对象、以动态模型为核心的学问。（1分） 2、简述公共政策的主要功能。
（1）管制功能。（2分） （2）引导功能。（1分） （3）调控功能。（1分） （4）分配功能。（1分） 3、简述公共政策目标的含义及确定政策目标的意义。
（1）含义：政策目标就是有关公共组织特别是政府为了解决有关公共政策问题而采取的行动所要达到的目的、指标和效果。（3分）
（2）意义：①它能为制定政策方案提供方向性指导。（1分） ②它能为政策方案的规划和实施提供核心的
nd steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the \ounding situation, pay attention to implementation\core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be \ssenger\confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation consciousness, this is Government Office sector first bit of task, to first, and is duty-bound, insisted reported truth, and told truth, and out confess, and do facts, and pragmatic effect, put work of to points real put to research solution reform development stable in the of major problem Shang, put to research solution masses production life in the of urgent problem Shang, put to research solution work in the exists of highlight problem Shang, put an end to to Conference implement Conference, to file implementation file, never can makes superior of decision and deployment in a \on\System Office of the Government sector must take the lead in party and Government policies, the deployment and carry out specific targets, in the implementation efforts, for example on the implementation, on the implementation of a performance. City Government System Office to seriously implement implementation national, and Province Government system Secretary-General Office Director Conference spirit, according to around overall, grasp implementation this a general requirements, insisted reform innovation, further change management concept, and management functions, and management system and management method; insisted quality first, ensure for led, and for grass-roots, and for masses provides quality efficient service; insisted strictly rule political, efforts construction a support political firm, and business master, and service political clean, and style excellent of Office team. Concrete work, and must deal with \hree relationships\handle well the relationship between passive adaptation and active service. Office service functions to the passive aspect of its work, which requires us to host lead when action must be strictly in accordance with the intentions and requirements for leadership, work within the limits of delegated authority, not offside, partipation in the intervention, and not decision-making, coordination is not contemplated. Meanwhile, Office work and must become more conscious, give full play to the initiative and work to some foreseeable, be proactive, prepared, thinking ahead, providing information, active leadership, reflect the situation, ahead of good research, reference point, in key places to promote overall efficiency. Second, to handle the relationship between administrative services and transaction services. Administrative services and Services Office services complement the two aspects of the job. Administrative services is the core service is guaranteed. Note that combines both, adhere to government service as the main line, the Chief turns around the overall situation, turns around the district. On one hand, will attachthree a representative\nt thought for guide, efforts adapted new situation, and new task, and new requirements, tightly around city reform development of overall, further change functions, strengthened service, determined to innovation, Government System Office overall work of quality and level has has new of improve, for city economic social development made has due of contribution. 1, staff assistant for further strengthening. Around the focus of leadership services, actively carry out research studies, for all levels of Government on the event, grab global proposed a number of solutions with a higher reference value recommendations provide a basis for improving government leadership. About development, adjustment of interest difficulty, people the focus of the problem, and give full play to the offices that are interlinked, dredge about, contact and coordination of functions, in order to reduce conflict, to avoid omissions, form a joint force, promoting the Government to play an active role in the work as a whole. Working around Government Center implementation supervision intensified, broadened and improved efficiency, do check the fruit, fruit, assisting the Government in implementation of the Assistant role to play, a powerful impetus to the realization of the objectives of the Government. 2, the service areas to further expand. The full implementation of the open government pilot project, strengthening carrier construction, innovative forms of public, deepening public content, extends the open range, regulate public procedures, establishment of a city, County, ownship and village-level administration system, to meet the people's right to knowcreates conditions for the effective exercise of supervision. Development issued the XX, matters of significant public policy implementation measures, such as the question of hearing 6 system, open Government continues to promote in depth. Established opened the city (County) long public phones, solving a number of concern people's immediate interests and produce hot spots and difficult problems in life, by all sectors of the community alike. Universal Chief was built starting at the city and county levelsHall masses, serve the community for the Government to play a better Windows and tie. With the system of Government Office for hub, connecting the County (district) and the departments of municipal government Web sites and Office decision-making service system has been built in the city, Government Office local area network established, significantly accelerate the pace of office automation and information network. 3, improved quality and productivity with new work. City levels Government Office put pursuit quality and efficiency as measure Office overall work level of important standard, pendulum in highlight location, around service overall, and pay close attention to the implementation this central, right processing inherited and innovation, and full and focus, and on Shang service and on Xia service of relationship, bold innovation, focused on effectiveness, presentation of policy sex, and targeted andguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council nd the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTsks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiativeSecondly, we should strengthen the team. A unit is a team in various sections of the unit inside is also a small team. A unit with a team spirit, formed a team responsibility, cohesion and competitiveness. You want to make a unit, a Department work improvement, must be melting inside a feeling of solidarity and mutual help, for a common goal and determined to achieve the spirit, cultivating a strong collective spirit and team responsibility, sense of honor. Therefore, we need to start improving office work and enhance the efficiency of Office work and strive to build a concerted ... Fault. In accordance with the requirements of modern management science, establishing strict responsibility system of management by objectives. A work who is in charge, who is in charge and who is responsible, what right do these people have, what responsibility, has to truthfully and clearly understood. Departments at all levels should strictly implement the check in the Office of party Committee evaluation, significant accountability and reward incentive system, pay close attention to duty cash and making unity, rights, responsibilities, and to inspire each of cadres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, is a deep topic, is a real problem, is a big issue. Today, I just combined this year, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk and understanding, we must strengthen research and exchanges in this regard in the future. Investee in the new year, we must hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping theory and the \presents\ct leadership of the CPC, adhere to the people-oriented, insist on truth, adhere first to excellence, efforts to do Office work to a new level. Speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city around the development of service function to create a new situation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Government--speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city This system of government offices working in the city's main task is to study Government systems of administrative supervision, administrative information, administrative reception and information technology issues. For the meeting, the City Mayor Ma has made important instructions, the Municipal Government Office fully prepared brewing, combined with practical work to develop the notice on further strengthening the supervision work, the XX, Chief Information interim measures for 2005 and the city's system of Government Administration informatization construction task statement and other documents. Before the General Assembly and organization of counties (districts) of the scene to observe the Government Office, achieve the purpose of exchanges of work, thought. Today, the ang Mayor also attended the meeting and delivered an important speech in the midst, hope good grasp of implementation. Next, I would like to make a few remarks. A, and around Center, looks at development, strengthened service, city government system Office work rendering atmosphere in recent years, city government system Office to 评估标准。（1分）
4、简述公共政策研究组织的作用。 （1）向决策者提供政策建议。（l分） （2）向决策者提供新思想观念。（l分） （3）评估政策结果，提供有关信息。（1分） （4）向政府输送高质量的专家与官员、（l分） （5）对公众进行公共政策教育。（1分）
5、简述\头脑风暴法\运用于政策分析所应遵循的基本原则。 主要原则：
（1）突出主题。（1分）
（2）充分重视并讨论各种意见与建议。（l分） （3）改进并综合提出的方案。（l分） （4）创造自由讨论氛围。（1分） （5）发言简炼，即席发言，（1分） 四、论述题（每题 15分，共30分）
1、联系实际，试述我国政策监控主体的活动内容和方式。 1、我国政策监控主体的活动内容与方式主要有：
（1）立法机关对政策的监控。立法机关通过立法确定公共政策的框架和方向，通过任免、质询、视察等对政策过程实行监控。（2分）
（2）司法机关对政策的监控。司法机关通过裁定制定政策的程序与原则、政策内容、政策执行是否合法，对各项政策内容、政策过程的各个环节及与政策有关的各种举措的违法行为进行强制纠正。（2分） （3）行政机关对政策的监控。行政机关通过上级主管机关对下级执行机关工作进行指示、检查、部署、监督、评估，以及通过行政监察对政策执行情况进行监控。（2分）
（4）政党对政策的监控。通过成员的参与，主导立法和行政决策，影响公共政策的制定；通过所控制的大众传媒，制造社会舆论，达到监控的目的。（2分）
（5）利益集团对政策的监控。利益集团通过游说、获取信息、动员等方式，在国家和社会间起中介作用，影响公共政策过程。（2分）
（6）社会舆论和大众传媒对政策的监控。社会舆论和大众传媒通过关注政策制定是否科学、合理，政策执行是否到位，政策评估是否准确，监控公共政策过程。（2分） 评分细则（联系实际3分） 2、联系实际，论述国家机构、国家权力和国家职能与公共政策的关系。 （1）国家机构决定公共政策的结构及效力范围。（4分）
（2）国家权力、国家职能的二重性决定公共政策的二重性。（4分） （3）国家权力、国家职能制约公共政策的种类和数量。（4分） 评分细则（联系实际3分） 五、实例分析题（10分）
我国南方某县的计划生育工作，多年来一直排在全省倒数几位。1995年，新一届县政府领导走马上任，为了完成上级政府下达的计划生育工作任务，采取了一项新的政策措施，即对计划外生有实行罚款：超生第二胎罚款两千元，第三胎罚款五千元，第四胎以上罚款一万元。县政府希望通过这项政策措施的实施来控制生育数量。考虑到计划生育工作的艰巨性，为了调动基层干部的积极性，也为了解决基层计划生育工作经费不足的问题，该政策还规定，罚款所得的收入，村、乡两级分别可提成30％。政策实施两年后，县政府发现，并未达到预期效果。由于重男轻女、传宗接代等传统观念在当地群众中还根深蒂固，许多人宁愿交纳罚款，也要生育第二胎、第三胎，即使需要借债来交罚款也在所不借。有的群众甚至认为，交纳罚款就是购买计划外生育的权利，在未生育之前便预先把罚金交上去。另一方面，一些乡、村干部为了多“创收”，不管起生，只管罚款，甚至暗中鼓励计划外生育。
nd steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the \ounding situation, pay attention to implementation\core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be \ssenger\confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation consciousness, this is Government Office sector first bit of task, to first, and is duty-bound, insisted reported truth, and told truth, and out confess, and do facts, and pragmatic effect, put work of to points real put to research solution reform development stable in the of major problem Shang, put to research solution masses production life in the of urgent problem Shang, put to research solution work in the exists of highlight problem Shang, put an end to to Conference implement Conference, to file implementation file, never can makes superior of decision and deployment in a \on\Lost in the sound. System Office of the Government sector must take the lead in party and Government policies, the deployment and carry out specific targets, in the implementation efforts, for example on the implementation, on the implementation of a performance. City Government System Office to seriously implement implementation national, and Province Government system Secretary-General Office Director Conference spirit, according to around overall, grasp implementation this a general requirements, insisted reform innovation, further change management concept, and management functions, and management system and management method; insisted quality first, ensure for led, and for grass-roots, and for masses provides quality efficient service; insisted strictly rule political, efforts construction a support political firm, and business master, and service political clean, and style excellent of Office team. Concrete work, and must deal with \onships\handle well the relationship between passive adaptation and active service. Office service functions to the passive aspect of its work, which requires us to host lead when action must be strictly in accordance with the intentions and requirements for leadership, work within the limits of delegated authority, not offside, partipation in the intervention, and not decision-making, coordination is not contemplated. Meanwhile, Office work and must become more conscious, give full play to the initiative and work to some foreseeable, be proactive, prepared, thinking ahead, providing information, active leadership, reflect the situation, ahead of good research, reference point, in key places to promote overall efficiency. Second, to handle the relationship between administrative services and transaction services. Administrative services and Services Office services complement the two aspects of the job. Administrative services is the core service is guaranteed. Note that combines both, adhere to government service as the main line, the Chief turns around the overall situation, turns around the district. On one hand, will attachthree a representative\nt thought for guide, efforts adapted new situation, and new task, and new requirements, tightly around city reform development of overallfurther change functions, strengthened service, determined to innovation, Government System Office overall work of quality and level has has new of improve, for city economic social development made has due of contribution. 1, staff assistant for further strengthening. Around the focus of leadership services, actively carry out research studies, for all levels of Government on the event, grab global proposed a number of solutions with a higher reference value recommendations provide a basis for improving government leadership. About development, adjustment of interest difficulty, people the focus of the problem, and give full play to the offices that are interlinked, dredge about, contact and coordination of functions, in order to reduce conflict, to avoid omissions, form a joint force, promoting the Government to play an active role in the work as a whole. Working around Government Center implementation supervision intensified, broadened and improved efficiency, do check the fruit, fruit, assisting the Government in implementation of the Assistant role to play, a powerful impetus to the realization of the objectives of the Government. 2, the service areas to further expand. The full implementation of the open government pilot project, strengthening carrier construction, innovative forms of public, deepening public content, extends the open range, regulate public procedures, establishmnt of a city, County, ownship and village-level administration system, to meet the people's right to knowcreates conditions for the effective exercise of supervision. Development issued the XX, matters of significant public policy implementation measures, such as the question of hearing 6 system, open Government continues to promote in depth. Established opened the city (County) long public phones, solving a number of concern people's immediate interests and produce hot spots and difficult problems in life, by all sectors of the community alike. Universal Chief was built starting at the city and county levelsHall masses, serve the community for the Government to play a better Windows and tie. With the system of Government Office for hub, connecting the County (district) and the departments of municipal government Web sites and Office decision-making service system has been built in the city, Government Office local area network established, significantly accelerate the pace of office automation and information network. 3, improved quality and productivity with new work. City levels Government Office put pursuit quality and efficiency as measure Office overall work level of important standard, pendulum in highlight location, around service overall, and pay close attention to the implementation this central, right processing inherited and innovation, and full and focus, and on Shang service and on Xia service of relationship, bold innovation, focused on effectiveness, presentation of policy sex, and targeted andguide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a governmnt system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTsks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiativeSecondly, we should strengthen the team. A unit is a team in various sections of the unit inside is also a small team. A unit with a team spirit, formed a team responsibility, cohesion and competitiveness. You want to make a unit, a Department work improvement, must be melting inside a feeling of solidarity and mutual help, for a common goal and determined to achieve the spirit, cultivating a strong collective spirit and team responsibility, sense of honor. Therefore, we need to start improving office work and enhance the efficiency of Office work and strive to build a concerted ... Fault. In accordance with the requirements of modern management science, establishing strict responsibility system of management by objectives. A work who is in charge, who is in charge and who is responsible, what right do these people have, what responsibility, has to truthfully and clearly understood. Departments at all levels should strictly implement the check in the Office of party Committee evaluation, significant accountability and reward incentive system, pay close attention to duty cash and making unity, rights, responsibilities, and to inspire each of cadres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, is a deep topic, is a real problem, is a big issue. Today, I just combined this year, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk and understanding, we must strengthen research and exchanges in this regard in the future. Investee in the new year, we must hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping theory and the \presents\ct leadership of the CPC, adhere to the people-oriented, insist on truth, adhere first to excellence, efforts to do Office work to a new level. Speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city around the development of service function to create a new situation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Government--speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city This system of government offices working in the city's main task is to study Government systems of administrative supervision, administrative information, administrative reception and information technology issues. For the meeting, the City Mayor Ma has made important instructions, the Municipal Government Office fully prepared brewing, combined with practical work to develop the notice on further strengthening the supervision work, the XX, Chief Information interim measures for 2005 and the city's system of Government Administration informatization construction task statement and other documents. Before the General Assembly and organization of counties (districts) of the scene to observe the Government Office, achieve the purpose of exchanges of work, thought. Today, the ang Mayor also attended the meeting and delivered an important speech in the midst, hope good grasp of implementation. Next, I would like to make a few remarks. A, and around Center, looks at development, strengthened service, city government system Office work rendering atmosphere in recent years, city government system Office to 请从政策质量、政策执行主体、政策对象、政策执行的外部环境等方面，分析这一案例中政策未得到有效执行的主要因素。
五、导致该政策未得到有效执行的主要因素包括:
（1）政策质量：主要是政策设计不合理，特别是村，乡从罚款收入提成，实际是对村，乡干部鼓励计划外生育起到诱导作用。（3分）
（2）政策执行主体：执行者的思想觉悟低，在经济利益驱动下，与原政策的根本目标资背道而驰。 （3）政策对象，群众的思想观念与政策目标差距较大。（2分）
（4）政策执行的外部环境：缺乏有效的监督机制与措施；没有相应的配套政策。（2分） 评分细则（文字表述、综合组织等1分。
全国2008年4月高等教育自学考试
公共政策试题
一、单项选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1．公共政策学诞生的标志是（ A ） A．《政策科学：视野与方法的近期发展》 C．《隆中对》
B．《博弈与决策》
D．《重新审查公共政策的制定过程》
2．“上下来去”决策模型的根本追求是（ B ） A．中国化B．科学决策C．民族化 3．政府存在的基础是（ B ）
A．立法机构及其运作B．制定和实施公共政策C．行政机构及其运作D．竞争性政党制度 4．政府传统上被设定为公共机关，代表并谋求（ A ）
A．社会公共利益B．自身的特殊利益C．劳动人民的利益 D．垄断组织的利益 5．我国行政法规的发布形式是（ B ） A．主席令B．总理令C．新闻报导
D．中共中央文件
D．大众化
6．决定公共政策性质的核心因素是（ B ）
A．国家结构及其关系模式 B．决策权的归属、分配及其使用状况 C．决策人数的多少D．一个国家的政党制度 7．行政机关制定公共政策的基本形式是（ A ） A．行政决定B．人大立法C．行政计划 D．行政监督 8．公共政策的系统议程又称为（ C ） A．政府议程B．政策议程C．公众议程 9．公共政策过程的起点是（ D ）
A．大众传媒的报导B．公共政策的制定C．公共政策的监控D公共政策问题的形成与认定
nd steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the \ounding situation, pay attention to implementation\core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be \ssenger\confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation consciousness, this is Government Office sector first bit of task, to first, and is duty-bound, insisted reported truth, and told truth, and out confess, and do facts, and pragmatic effect, put work of to points real put to research solution reform development stable in the of major problem Shang, put to research solution masses production life in the of urgent problem Shang, put to research solution work in the exists of highlight problem Shang, put an end to to Conference implement Conference, to file implementation file, never can makes superior of decision and deployment in a \on\System Office of the Government sector must take the lead in party and Government policies, the deployment and carry out specific targets, in the implementation efforts, for example on the implementation, on the implementation of a performance. City Government System Office to seriously implement implementation national, and Province Government system Secretary-General Office Director Conference spirit, according to around overall, grasp implementation this a general requirements, insisted reform innovation, further change management concept, and management functions, and management system and management method; insisted quality first, ensure for led, and for grass-roots, and for masses provides quality efficient service; insisted strictly rule political, efforts construction a support political firm, and business master, and service political clean, and style excellent of Office team. Concrete work, and must deal with \hree relationships\handle well the relationship between passive adaptation and active service. Office service functions to the passive aspect of its work, which requires us to host lead when action must be strictly in accordance with the intentions and requirements for leadership, work within the limits of delegated authority, not offside, partipation in the intervention, and not decision-making, coordination is not contemplated. Meanwhile, Office work and must become more conscious, give full play to the initiative and work to some foreseeable, be proactive, prepared, thinking ahead, providing information, active leadership, reflect the situation, ahead of good research, reference point, in key places to promote overall efficiency. Second, to handle the relationship between administrative services and transaction services. Administrative services and Services Office services complement the two aspects of the job. Administrative services is the core service is guaranteed. Note that combines both, adhere to government service as the main line, the Chief turns around the overall situation, turns around the district. On one hand, will attachthree a representative\nt thought for guide, efforts adapted new situation, and new task, and new requirements, tightly around city reform development of overall, further change functions, strengthened service, determined to innovation, Government System Office overall work of quality and level has has new of improve, for city economic social development made has due of contribution. 1, staff assistant for further strengthening. Around the focus of leadership services, actively carry out research studies, for all levels of Government on the event, grab global proposed a number of solutions with a higher reference value recommendations provide a basis for improving government leadership. About development, adjustment of interest difficulty, people the focus of the problem, and give full play to the offices that are interlinked, dredge about, contact and coordination of functions, in order to reduce conflict, to avoid omissions, form a joint force, promoting the Government to play an active role in the work as a whole. Working around Government Center implementation supervision intensified, broadened and improved efficiency, do check the fruit, fruit, assisting the Government in implementation of the Assistant role to play, a powerful impetus to the realization of the objectives of the Government. 2, the service areas to further expand. The full implementation of the open government pilot project, strengthening carrier construction, innovative forms of public, deepening public content, extends the open range, regulate public procedures, establishment of a city, County, ownship and village-level administration system, to meet the people's right to knowcreates conditions for the effective exercise of supervision. Development issued the XX, matters of significant public policy implementation measures, such as the question of hearing 6 system, open Government continues to promote in depth. Established opened the city (County) long public phones, solving a number of concern people's immediate interests and produce hot spots and difficult problems in life, by all sectors of the community alike. Universal Chief was built starting at the city and county levelsHall masses, serve the community for the Government to play a better Windows and tie. With the system of Government Office for hub, connecting the County (district) and the departments of municipal government Web sites and Office decision-making service system has been built in the city, Government Office local area network established, significantly accelerate the pace of office automation and information network. 3, improved quality and productivity with new work. City levels Government Office put pursuit quality and efficiency as measure Office overall work level of important standard, pendulum in highlight location, around service overall, and pay close attention to the implementation this central, right processing inherited and innovation, and full and focus, and on Shang service and on Xia service of relationship, bold innovation, focused on effectiveness, presentation of policy sex, and targeted andD．正式议程
guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened. Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization. Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council nd the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work. These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTsks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiativeSecondly, we should strengthen the team. A unit is a team in various sections of the unit inside is also a small team. A unit with a team spirit, formed a team responsibility, cohesion and competitiveness. You want to make a unit, a Department work improvement, must be melting inside a feeling of solidarity and mutual help, for a common goal and determined to achieve the spirit, cultivating a strong collective spirit and team responsibility, sense of honor. Therefore, we need to start improving office work and enhance the efficiency of Office work and strive to build a concerted ... Fault. In accordance with the requirements of modern management science, establishing strict responsibility system of management by objectives. A work who is in charge, who is in charge and who is responsible, what right do these people have, what responsibility, has to truthfully and clearly understood. Departments at all levels should strictly implement the check in the Office of party Committee evaluation, significant accountability and reward incentive system, pay close attention to duty cash and making unity, rights, responsibilities, and to inspire each of cadres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, is a deep topic, is a real problem, is a big issue. Today, I just combined this year, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk and understanding, we must strengthen research and exchanges in this regard in the future. Investee in the new year, we must hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping theory and the \presents\ct leadership of the CPC, adhere to the people-oriented, insist on truth, adhere first to excellence, efforts to do Office work to a new level. Speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city around the development of service function to create a new situation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Government--speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city This system of government offices working in the city's main task is to study Government systems of administrative supervision, administrative information, administrative reception and information technology issues. For the meeting, the City Mayor Ma has made important instructions, the Municipal Government Office fully prepared brewing, combined with practical work to develop the notice on further strengthening the supervision work, the XX, Chief Information interim measures for 2005 and the city's system of Government Administration informatization construction task statement and other documents. Before the General Assembly and organization of counties (districts) of the scene to observe the Government Office, achieve the purpose of exchanges of work, thought. Today, the ang Mayor also attended the meeting and delivered an important speech in the midst, hope good grasp of implementation. Next, I would like to make a few remarks. A, and around Center, looks at development, strengthened service, city government system Office work rendering atmosphere in recent years, city government system Office to 10．公共政策过程中最核心的阶段是（ A ）
A．公共政策的制定B．公共政策的执行C．公共政策的评估 D．公共政策的监控 11．政策法律化实际上是一种（ A ） A．立法过程B．司法过程C．政府过程
D．执法过程
12．在政策规划的多元化主体中，起主导作用的是（ C ） A．公众B．立法机关C．政府
D．司法机关
13．残缺式政策执行的典型表现是（ A ）
A“断章取义，为我所用”B“挂羊头，卖狗肉 C“上有政策，下有对策”D不折不扣落实 14．互适模型即“互动理论模型”的构建者是美国学者（ C ） A．霍恩B．雷恩C．麦克拉夫林
D．史密斯
15．将政策目标转化为政策现实的唯一途径是（ B ）
A．公共政策制定B．公共政策执行C．公共政策评估 D．公共政策监控 16．现代意义的政策评估兴起于（ C ）
A20世纪30～40年代B20世纪50～60年代C20世纪60～70年代 D20世纪70～80年代 17．政策评估与否注重的是（ A ）
A．功能的原则B．经济效益的原则C．结构的原则
D．社会效益的原则
18．公共政策评估的价值分析法的提出者是（ B ） A．J·安德森B．L·D·迈尔斯C．M·雷恩
D．M·麦克拉夫林
19．在政策调整的诸多原因中，始终起着关键性作用的是（ D ） A．政策环境B．政策资源C．政策周期
D．决策者的价值取向
20．一项公共政策具有稳定性就意味着该政策处于一种（ D ） A．调整状态B．终结状态C．非均衡状态
D．均衡状态
21．公共政策有效地调节社会行为的基础是（ C ）
A公共政策的适应性B公共政策的容纳性C公共政策的持续稳定性 D公共政策的周期性 22．当代公共政策分析的主流为（ D ）
A．规范性分析B．超理性分析C．定性分析 D．定量分析 23．脚本写作的基础为（ D ） A．某一个假设B．政策方案C．政策制定
D．一系列假设
24．公共政策研究组织与政策制定者和执行者的关系应当是一种（ D ） A．平行而不相干的关系B．排斥关系C．隶属关系 25．公共政策预测的根本理由在于（ C ）
A．实现政策合法化B．确定政策框架C．避免或减少政策失误 D．实现政策法律化 二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。
nd steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the \ounding situation, pay attention to implementation\core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be \ssenger\confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation consciousness, this is Government Office sector first bit of task, to first, and is duty-bound, insisted reported truth, and told truth, and out confess, and do facts, and pragmatic effect, put work of to points real put to research solution reform development stable in the of major problem Shang, put to research solution masses production life in the of urgent problem Shang, put to research solution work in the exists of highlight problem Shang, put an end to to Conference implement Conference, to file implementation file, never can makes superior of decision and deployment in a \on\Lost in the sound. System Office of the Government sector must take the lead in party and Government policies, the deployment and carry out specific targets, in the implementation efforts, for example on the implementation, on the implementation of a performance. City Government System Office to seriously implement implementation national, and Province Government system Secretary-General Office Director Conference spirit, according to around overall, grasp implementation this a general requirements, insisted reform innovation, further change management concept, and management functions, and management system and management method; insisted quality first, ensure for led, and for grass-roots, and for masses provides quality efficient service; insisted strictly rule political, efforts construction a support political firm, and business master, and service political clean, and style excellent of Office team. Concrete work, and must deal with \onships\handle well the relationship between passive adaptation and active service. Office service functions to the passive aspect of its work, which requires us to host lead when action must be strictly in accordance with the intentions and requirements for leadership, work within the limits of delegated authority, not offside, partipation in the intervention, and not decision-making, coordination is not contemplated. Meanwhile, Office work and must become more conscious, give full play to the initiative and work to some foreseeable, be proactive, prepared, thinking ahead, providing information, active leadership, reflect the situation, ahead of good research, reference point, in key places to promote overall efficiency. Second, to handle the relationship between administrative services and transaction services. Administrative services and Services Office services complement the two aspects of the job. Administrative services is the core service is guaranteed. Note that combines both, adhere to government service as the main line, the Chief turns around the overall situation, turns around the district. On one hand, will attachthree a representative\nt thought for guide, efforts adapted new situation, and new task, and new requirements, tightly around city reform development of overallfurther change functions, strengthened service, determined to innovation, Government System Office overall work of quality and level has has new of improve, for city economic social development made has due of contribution. 1, staff assistant for further strengthening. Around the focus of leadership services, actively carry out research studies, for all levels of Government on the event, grab global proposed a number of solutions with a higher reference value recommendations provide a basis for improving government leadership. About development, adjustment of interest difficulty, people the focus of the problem, and give full play to the offices that are interlinked, dredge about, contact and coordination of functions, in order to reduce conflict, to avoid omissions, form a joint force, promoting the Government to play an active role in the work as a whole. Working around Government Center implementation supervision intensified, broadened and improved efficiency, do check the fruit, fruit, assisting the Government in implementation of the Assistant role to play, a powerful impetus to the realization of the objectives of the Government. 2, the service areas to further expand. The full implementation of the open government pilot project, strengthening carrier construction, innovative forms of public, deepening public content, extends the open range, regulate public procedures, establishmnt of a city, County, ownship and village-level administration system, to meet the people's right to knowcreates conditions for the effective exercise of supervision. Development issued the XX, matters of significant public policy implementation measures, such as the question of hearing 6 system, open Government continues to promote in depth. Established opened the city (County) long public phones, solving a number of concern people's immediate interests and produce hot spots and difficult problems in life, by all sectors of the community alike. Universal Chief was built starting at the city and county levelsHall masses, serve the community for the Government to play a better Windows and tie. With the system of Government Office for hub, connecting the County (district) and the departments of municipal government Web sites and Office decision-making service system has been built in the city, Government Office local area network established, significantly accelerate the pace of office automation and information network. 3, improved quality and productivity with new work. City levels Government Office put pursuit quality and efficiency as measure Office overall work level of important standard, pendulum in highlight location, around service overall, and pay close attention to the implementation this central, right processing inherited and innovation, and full and focus, and on Shang service and on Xia service of relationship, bold innovation, focused on effectiveness, presentation of policy sex, and targeted andD．合作关系
公共政策试题与答案 - 图文
