1.Nature of culture:
? 1. Culture is like an iceberg. ? 2. Culture is our software.
? 3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in. ? 4. Culture is the grammar of our behavior. 2. Characteristic:
1. Culture Is Learned: not born with 2. Culture Is Dynamic
3. Culture Is Pervasive: Like the air we breathe, culture penetrates into every aspect of our life and influences the way we think, the way we talk, and the way we behave.
4. Culture Is transmitted from generation to generation 5. Culture Is Adaptive 6.culture is ethnocentric
Component of communication: Sender/Source （信息源）
A sender/source is the person who transmits a message. Message （信息）
A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver. Encoding （编码）
Encoding refers to the activity during which the sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. Channel /Medium （渠道）
Channel/Medium is the method used to deliver a message.
Receiver （信息接收者）
A receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message. Decoding （解码）
Decoding is the activity during which the receiver attaches meaning to the words or symbols he/she has received. Feedback （反馈）
The response of a receiver to a sender’s message is called feedback.
Noise （干扰）
Noise is a term used for factors that interfere with the exchange of messages, including external noise ，physiological noise, psychological noise and semantic noise. Noise is inevitable. Context:
4.elements of intercultural communication: (1)perception
{1}cultural values{2}world view {3}social organizations (2)verbal processes oral and written
Language is not only a form of preserving culture
but also a means of sharing culture.
different cultures have different symbols and different responses. carder干部
associate professor vice-chairman deputy director pee poo damn it
(3)nonverbal processes
cry smile
bodily behavior-----------bodylanguage eye contact smile touch
concept of time----------plan use of space.------------
5.major social cultural elements: 1}cultural values what is worth dying for? what is wrong protecting? what frightens people? individualism collectiveness materialism spiritualism competition cooperation work leisure equality gender roles time silence formality and informality assertiveness restraint interpersonal harmony {2}world view diverse concepts produce different choices and behaviors------gods {3}social organizations family is important. self -reliance, obedience sex role, aggression loyalty age roles social skills
6.5 different verbal communication style?
跨文化
