2018年职称英语等级考试真题及答案（理工B）
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The revelation of his past led to his resignation. A. imagination B. disclosure C. confirmation D.recall
答案为B. revelation(揭露) – disclosure(揭露)
2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal. A. careless B. cruel C. strong D.hard
答案为B. brutal(残忍的) – cruel
3. You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. A. jump B.escape C. run D.prepare
答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)
4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. A. changeable B. stable C. suitable D.adaptable 答案为A. fluid(不稳定的) – changeable (易变的) 5. The new garment fits her perfectly. A. haircut B.purse C. clothes D.necklace
答案为C. garment(衣服) – clothes(衣服)
6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma. A. fear B.joy C. hurt D.memory
答案为C. trauma(精神上的创伤) – hurt (感情上的伤心或痛苦) 7. They have to build canals to irrigate the desert. A. decorate B. water C. change D.visit
答案为B. irrigate(灌溉) – water(给…浇水)
8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler. A. disabled B.pupil C. teenager D. baby 答案为D. toddler(学步的儿童) – baby (婴儿)
9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. A. warm B.severe C. hard D.dry
答案为A. mild(温暖的) – warm(温暖的)
10. The details of the costume were totally authentic. A. real B. outstanding C. creative D. false
答案为A. authentic(逼真的) – real (逼真的) 11. We are aware of the potential problems. A. global B. possible C. ongoing D.central
答案为B. potential(可能的)- possible(可能的) 12. The idea was quite brilliant. A. positive B. clever C. key D. original
答案为B. brilliant(绝妙的) – clever (聪明的)
13. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate. A. regulated B. increased C. maintained D. fell
答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降)
14. The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance. A. coaching B. idea C. term D. aspect
答案为A. instructions (指导说明)—coaching（教导）
15. All houses within 100 metres of the seas at risk of flooding. A. in danger B. out of control C. between equals D. in particular
答案为A indanger of （处于危险中）— at risk of （处于风险中）
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Theory of Everything
If Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2018, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than Ns doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulatevoluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or threeyears. Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste of smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.
Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science. He is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.
He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Isthere a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?
Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe,how the universe holds together, and how it will
probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years. If Stephen Hawking it able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.
16. Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2018. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案为B;
17. Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案为B;
18. Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.
A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案为A；
19. A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案为B;
20. Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案为B;
21. Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of………. A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案为： C.
22. The Theory of Everything Is about the rules that everything in our……… follow.
A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案为A。
概括大意与完成句子
Geothermal(地热) Energy
1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth'scenter flows outwards towards the surface. In this way,it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma (岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains wen below the earth s surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there aredeep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heatedrainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hotspring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透 的）rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot waterand steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.
2 A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal powerplant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.
3 Mostcurrently operating geothermal power plants are either \(双重的) plants.Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300℃ to 700℃ Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it Hashes\this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again. 4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300℃ Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash seam but itcan still be used to generate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam from this(参照图片) is used to power the turbines. As in theflash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.
23.Paragraph 1_____C____ 24.Paragraph 2____A_____ 25.Paragraph 3____E_____ 26.Paragraph 4____B_____ A. Dry steam plants B. Binary plants
C. Origin of geothermal energy D. Generation of electricity E. Flash steam plants
F. Recyclable water and steam
27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hotwater is trapped under__B____. 28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with___D___. 29. Flash plants produce hot water through___C___.
30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into__A____. A. the energy to turn a turbine B. impermeable rock C. one or two separators D. turbine operator E. little or no water F. hot springs
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇
Smart Windows
Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat.However, windows are not something people typically associate with an advanced technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anything in between easily. “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It contact with the outside
world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’restuck indoors Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when itcomes to energy and temperature control. In winter cold air leaks in. When it’shot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的)，actually sucks up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
Windows have been a major focus of energy research for along time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing (用玻覆盖)，and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic (发色的）technologies which involve changes of color.
Electrochromic (电致色的）windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide (氧化钨)works a bit like a batter. Tungsten oxides is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of
“memory”. All it takes is a small change of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way.Transits take anywhere from in 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “In the future,”Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.”
31. Which of the following of values of windows is NOT mentioned? A. They let light in to brighten the house. B. They let light in to heat the house.
C. They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world. D. They let us think about the outside world.
32. The expression “when it comes to “ in Paragraph 3 is used to A. signal the arrival of a guest.
B. indicate the recovery of consciousness. C. show our understanding of something. D. introduce a new aspect of a topic.
33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that A. are coated. B. are glazed. C. have several layers. D.can change color.
34. Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows…… A. Paragraphs 5. B. Paragraph3. C. Paragraph4. D. Paragraphs 6.
35. A smart window is smart mainly because
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