考试题型
1. TRUE/FALSE---对概念的理解判断 2. 简答题：定义+分类+语言特征
3. 材料分析题：定义+分类+构成要素+语言特征 4. 翻译--20% E--C-----10% C--E-----10%
Unit 1 Literature
1. definition+classification
Literature defines it as: A general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. Classification: 1) Textbooks
2) Monographs--专著，专论 3) Papers
4) Encyclopedias—百科全书 5) Periodicals
6) Special Documentation
2. Linguistic features/writing styles of scientific literature
Formal :The choice of words should be formal
Complex:The sentence structure of a professional paper should be complex.
Objective:The expression should be objective.
3. How to search for relevant literature
global search--全局搜索--conducting the extensive reading
Specific search--具体搜索--search for literature about a certain topic within a specific area or in a narrower scope
Processed search--精准搜索---search for essential information in the course of literature search an reading. 4. Principle or Criteria of Translation
Faithfulness: By faithfulness/accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style.
Expressiveness: By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and mechanical copying from dictionaries
Elegance : by elegance, the linguistic style of the translating must be formal, elegant.
5. Literal Translation and Free Translation 定义以及举例说明
1.The literal translation means“not to alter the original
words and sentences”
For example, crocodile’s tears (鳄鱼的眼泪), armed to the teeth (武装到牙齿), chain reaction (连锁反应), gentlemen’s agreement (君子协定)
Free translation is an alternative approach which is used mainly to convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns.
Adam’s Apple 喉结 at sixes and sevens 乱七八槽 It rains cats and dogs. 大雨滂沱 6. Translation
Unit 2 Professional papers
1.Definition and Classification of professional papers 概念----一句话；分类---要点
Definition of professional papers：A professional paper is a typewritten paper
in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic.
Classification of professional papers：The four kinds of papers usually
assigned in universities and colleges are (1) report papers; (2) research papers; (3) course papers, (4)thesis papers.
2.Linguistic Features of Professional Papers
要点+例子
1) Formal Style
A professional paper deals with the study of some objective facts or problems, and the conclusion that is drawn should be based on relevant data, not on personal likes and dislikes. 2) Specialized Terms
The terms in professional papers are typically specialized. 3) Rigid Sentence Structure
4) Formatted Elements---essential components/ingredients
3.Where to search for professional papers
1) Journals 2) Acta---电子学报
3) Bulletins, Circulars or Gazettes--公告或期刊，通告或公报 4) Rapid Communications 快讯 5) Reviews 评论 6) Proceedings--会议记录
7) Dissertation Abstract International--国际论文摘要 8) Comprehensive Dissertation Index (CDI)--综合论文索引 9) On line Access to Dissertation---在线查阅论文
4.Chinese equivalent of a given English word. Take the word for example:
(1) This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. (2) It is quite another story now.
(3) Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. (4) He'll be very happy if that story holds up. (5) The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest. (6) A young man came to Scotti's office with a story
story” “
考试题型
