厦门大学2016年招收攻读硕士学位研究生英语考试试题
招生专业：__________________考试科目及代码：__________________研究方向：__________________注意：答案必须标明题号，按序号写在专用答题纸上，写在本试卷上或草稿纸上均不给分。请将下列短文翻译成中文：ItissometimesallegedthattheGreekshadnoalgebra,butthisisinaccurate.BythetimeofPlato,Greekmathematicshadundergoneadrasticchange.TheGreekscreatedageometricalgebrawheretermswererepresentedbysidesofgeometricobjects,usuallylines,thathadlettersassociatedwiththem,andwiththisnewformofalgebratheywereabletofindsolutionstoequationsbyusingaprocessthattheyinventedwhichisknownas“theapplicationofareas”,“Theapplicationofareas”isonlyapartofgeometricalgebraanditisthoroughlycoveredinEuclid’sElements.Anexampleofgeometricalgebrawouldbesolvingthelinearequationax=bc.TheancientGreekswouldsolvethisequationbylookingatitasanequalityofareasratherthanasanequalitybetweentherationsa:bandc:x.TheGreekswouldconstructarectanglewithsidesoflengthbandc,thenextendasideoftherectangletolengtha,andfinallytheywouldcompletetheextendedrectanglesoastofindthesideoftherectanglethatisthesolution.
EuclideangeometryismathematicalsystemattributedtotheAlexandrianGreekmathematicianEuclid,whoseElementsistheearliestknownsystematicdiscussionofgeometry.Euclid’smethodconsistsinassumingasmallsetofintuitivelyappealingaxioms.AlthoughmanyofEuclid’sresultshadbeenstatedbyearliermathematicians,Euclidwasthefirsttoshowhowthesepropositionscouldfitintoacomprehensivedeductiveandlogicalsystem.TheElementsbeginswithplanegeometry,stilltaughtinsecondaryschoolasthefirstaxiomaticsystemandthefirstexamplesofformalproof.Itgoesontothesolidgeometryofthreedimensions.MuchoftheElementsstatesresultsofwhatarenowcalledalgebraandnumbertheory,couchedingeometricallanguage.
1
厦门大学2016年招收攻读硕士学位研究生英语考试试题
