Unit 2 Space Invaders
KEY TO EXERCISES
Text comprehension
I. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.
II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false. 1.
T (Refer to Paragraph 1. At the bank, one of the customers inched forward and caused other customers to advance so public order is being disrupted.)
2. T (Refer to the last sentence of Paragraph 4. Caffeine can generally help inspire the spirit of a human, and over-consumption of caffeine can make him restless.)
3. T (Refer to the first two sentences of Paragraph 5: Personal space is mostly a public matter; we allow all kinds of invasions of personal space in private. [Humanity wouldn't exist without them.])
4. T (Refer to Paragraph 6. The last two sentences convey the author's opinion on personal space: an individual's personal space should be respected, which shows a person's manners on social occasions.)
5. F (Refer to Paragraph 8. Personal space is psychological. This means when people are absorbed in their inner world, they will pay little attention to the world outside, including their personal space. By this the author intends to explain why people care less about their personal space than ever and why their personal space is shrinking. Undoubtedly, when the invasion of one's space in the physical world is perceived, he will certainly feel that his personal space is shrinking.)
III. Answer the following questions. 1.
Refer to Paragraph 1. Because he wants to show the importance of personal space in maintaining public order. If one's personal space is invaded, he may, in preserving his own space, break into others' personal space. The chain action can cause chaos in public order.
2. Refer to Paragraph 2. In Paragraph 2, the author defines personal space as one's individual sphere with the self at the center and a certain distance on each side. It is part of one's privacy, the invasion of which necessarily makes one uneasy.
3. \tendency\refers to the phenomenon exemplified in the previous paragraph, that is, the escalation of the invasion of personal space. The writer used to think this was caused by the \the season is the cause: in summer dress some people are more attractive. In addition, he suggests, in seriousness or jest, the stimulating effect of caffeine contributes to the
C
escalation of the invasion of personal space too.
4. In Paragraph 5, the writer mainly describes one important characteristic of personal space: personal space is a relative concept; people in different regions have different concepts of personal space. The size of personal space varies according to where one lives. Where one has a spread, he will have a more spacious concept of personal space than those who do not have a large place of their own.
5. Refer to Paragraph 8. Because people are more self-absorbed than before. In other words they are paying less attention to the outside world, including personal space, than before. The fact that people care less about their personal space in effect encourages space invasion.
IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.
1. The phrase \2. In hot summer days people can be drawn to each other, especially to the opposite sex (or feel disgusted with the closeness of others).
3. People in different regions have different sizes of personal space.
4. It is quite common that one person occupies a booth and a set of facing seats designed for four people.
5. The author hopes that his own stand against the shrinking of personal space, while small in itself, will nonetheless eventually have a dramatic effect in the same way as the breeze from a butterfly's wings in Japan, if it initiates a chain of waves, may eventually produce a tidal wave in California.
Structural analysis of the text
The author looks at the causes of space invasion in Paragraph 4. He first attributes this phenomenon to the population explosion, then, light-heartedly, to the hot weather and the stimulation of caffeine. But the true cause strikes him as likely to be the decline of manners (Paragraph 6).
He examines the nature of space invasion in Paragraphs 5?. He thinks that space invasion is a public matter. It is more psychological than physical.
Rhetorical features of the text
1. Verbs and verbal phrases that describe the behaviour of space invaders:
inch toward / wedge themselves in / zigzag through / jostle / refuse to give way / press forward / bump into / stake a claim to / annex / commandeer
2. Verbs and verbal phrases that describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:
minutely advance toward / sidle up to / shuffle toward
Vocabulary exercises
I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 1. drooping; loosened; slackened 2. tone; sound
3. already over-stimulated / restless local people / residents 4. unfriendliness; cold-shouldering 5. membership of a group or organization
II. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase from the box in its appropriate form. 1. sidled up 2. carve out 3. attribute ... to 4. stake a claim 5. tread on 6. plowed into 7. is proportional to
8. breathing down their necks
III. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the given words. 1.
annoying
2. intuition
3. relented 4. proliferates 5. lamentably 6. expansive 7. routine 8. shrinkage
IV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning. 1. D 2. A 5. C 6. B
V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
1. Antonym: significantly (considerably, incautiously) 2. Synonym: shrinking (receding, lessening) 3. Antonym: private (personal, individual) 4. Synonym: give (present, confer) 5. Antonym: tightened (tense, rigid) 6. Synonym: recently (currently)
7. Synonym: old-fashioned (odd, antiquated)
3. B 4. D 7. A 8. B
8. Synonym: uncomfortable (nervous, upset)
VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence. 1. promotion 2. endure 3. willingly 4. canceled
5. the most important thing 6. moderately warm
Grammar exercises
I. Fill in the blank in each sentence with the choice you think the most appropriate. 1. C 2. B 5. D 6. B
II. Correct the mistakes, where found, in the following sentences. 1.
May→Can 2. mightn't→can't 3. √
4. may not→cannot 5. √
6. can→could 7. may→can 8. could→was able to 9. can→may
10. could→were able to
III. Rewrite the following sentences, using can, could, may or might. 1.
He is in poor health. He could / may / might / can fall ill at any time. 2. John looks pale today. He may be ill. 3. Even experts can make mistakes. 4. John could swim when he was five. 5. Visitors could take photos of the castle.
6. Could / Can / Might / May I borrow your phone?
7. Nobody knows where he is. He could / may / might be in the library or in the lab. 8. John may have read the book on WWII.
9. I looked everywhere but I couldn't find my dictionary.
10. Ken's car had been stolen, so he couldn't have given her a ride.
3. B 4. A 7. D 8. B
IV. Complete the sentences with so, do / does / did, one or not. 1.
so
2. not/so 3. does 4. so 5. one 6. so 7. do 8. did
V. Combine every two sentences into one, using so or such. 1.
It is such a surprise that I can't get over it.
2. It was such horrible weather that we spent the whole day indoors. 3. Poor Susan had such a bad headache that she couldn't get to sleep. 4. Jack was so out of breath that he couldn't speak at first. 5. The music was so loud that you could hear it from miles away. 6. The shirts became so stiff that he couldn't put them on. 7. She made such a good meal that we all ate far too much. 8. There was so much to do that nobody ever got bored.
VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences. (Reference version)
1. He thought I was lying, whereas I was telling the truth.
2. In the same way that every baby's face is different from every other's, every baby's pattern of development is different from every other's.
Translation exercises
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. 在我看来，礼貌就是给别人以空间，不冒犯别人，允许别人有隐私。
2. 个人空间基本上是一个公众场合的问题；私下里，我们是允许对个人空间进行各种各样的侵犯的。
3. 就像我们国家拥有12海里领海权一样，个人空间就是我们的边界，只要有陌生人穿过这个边界，就会使我们感到不安。
4. 说到底，个人空间是个心理上的问题，而不是个物理上的问题：与其说它与我们的外部空间相关，还不如说它与我们的内心空间相关。
II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.
1. The pigeon was wedged in the fork of a branch and it fell after a while.
2. The payment that the motorist will have to make is proportional to the amount of damage he has done to the other person's car.
3. You can only enter the cave by inching through a narrow tunnel on your stomach. 4. She stammered some apology for entering my office without knocking as she sidled towards the door.
5. He took pains to explain to me that I was not being dismissed because I didn't do my work well but because the company was confronted by financial troubles. 6. The enlistment of young soldiers infused new hope and morale into the army. 7. Once the older boys stake a claim to the lawn, the younger ones had to give way to them to avoid conflict.
8. The man following her made her uneasy and she couldn't help quickening her steps.
III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
在一些文化中，空间感觉的一个重要方面体现于人们所需要的彼此感觉舒适却又不觉得拥挤的“私人空间”。例如，北美人彼此感觉舒适所需的空间距离大约是4英尺。而阿拉伯人和拉美人反而是彼此靠近才会感觉舒服。因此，不同文化的人可能会无意间侵犯彼此的空间感。正如不同的时间观可能会造成文化冲突，不同的空间观也会引发同样的问题。
Exercises for integrated skills I. Dictation
Body language is the unspoken communication / that goes on in every face-to-face encounter with another human being. / It tells you their true feelings towards you / and how well your words are being received. / Between 60%?0% of our message / is communicated through our body language, / only 7%?0% is attributable to the actual words of a conversation.
Your ability to read and understand another person's body language / can mean the difference / between making a great impression / or a very bad one! / It could help you in a job interview, / at a meeting, / or for a special date!
Every one of us / has experienced the feeling of an instant like / or dislike of someone / but without necessarily knowing why. / We just weren't happy, / there was something about them. / We often refer to this as a hunch or gut feelings, / two descriptions directly relating to our own body's physiological reaction.
II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word. (1) in (2) as (3) for (4) judgments (5) as (6) head (7) to (8) with
Unit-2-Space-Invaders习题答案综合教程四
