一、 谓语动词
（一）动词时态 常考知识点：
（1） 条件、时间、让步状语从句的“主将从现”。
（2） 将来完成时、现在完成进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时。 1. 一般现在时
在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作，遵循“主将从现”的原则。常用的连词有as soon as, when, until, if, unless.我们引用三道真题。 例1
When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago? As soon as_____ our work for tomorrow.
A. we’re complete B. we’d complete C . we’ll complete D. we complete
【答案】D(_2003年11月34题)
例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _____their exams.
A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finished 【答案】B（1996年22题）
例3 When the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force.
A. heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated
【答案】C（1992年59题） 2. 现在完成进行时
表示从过去某时一直延续到现在得一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或者到说话时结束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。
例1 I____ on the doo for ten minutes now without an answer.
A. was knocking B. am knocking
C. knocking D. have been knocking 【答案】D（1998年49题）
例2 Since he left the university, he ____ in an accounting company.
A. has been working B. had worked C. had been working D. was working 【答案】A（2006年4月16题） 3. 过去完成时
（1） 表示在过去的某一时间活动做之前已经完成了的动作（即过去完成时）。这个过去的
某一时间可用by， before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句表示。
例1 When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she ______ two days before.
A. has left B. was leaving C. would leave D. had left
【答案】D（2003年11月40题）
例2 About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____paper.
A. invented B. had invented
C. have invented D. had been invented 【答案】B（1997年35题）
（2） 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间和动作。 例： The chemistry class ____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A. had been on B. was on
C. has been on D. would be on
【答案】A（1995年24题）
（3） 在含有before， after， as soon as等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本
身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，一次主句和从句都可以用一般过去时态表示，而不用过去完成时。
例： I called him as soon as I arrived. 我刚一到就给他打电话。
（4） 过去完成时常用在 no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…, “一……
就……”句型之后总，句子倒装。
例1 No sooner had we sat down ____, we found it was time to go.
A. than B. when C. as D. while 【答案】A（1997年50题）
例2 Scarcely ha he opened the door when a gust of wind below the candle out. 他刚打开门，
拉住就被一阵风吹灭了。 注意：
一般过去式和过去完成时的区别： 两者都表示过去的动作，但一般过去式表示相对于现在的过去时间，而过去完成时则表示相对于过去某一时刻的过去，即过去的过去。过去曾经做过的事，应该用过去时。过去完成时一般表示两个过去动作的一先一后。过去完成时单独使用时要用by引导的时间状语表示“到……时候为止”，如： I finished the work yesterday.
They had fulfilled their task by the end of last year. 4. 将来完成时
表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。这是近两年来考试的重点。其句型的基本结构是will have done。我们下面通过寄到真题讲解这一语法点。 例1 By the next year he _____in New York for five years.
A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. will have worked 【答案】D（2004年11月30题）
本句的意思是：到明年为止，他在纽约已经工作了5年了。
补充：如果句子中有by引导的时间状语，句子需要用完成时；by后跟的事将来的时间，句子需要用将来完成时，表示将来某时致歉已经完成的动作，如By next Friday, he will have studied here for three years. 到下周五，他在这里学习就要满三年了。 例2 By the end of the next year, they _____together for twenty years.
A. will have worked B. had worked C. would work D. have worked 【答案】A（2011年48题）
本句的意思是：到明年年底为止，他们已经一起工作了20年。 例3 I_____ writing the article by the time you get back.
A. shall finished B. must have finished C. have finished D. shall have finished 【答案】D（2000年24题）
本句的意思是：到你回来的时候，我会完成这篇论文。 （二） 被动语态
基本形式：
状态 时间 现在 过去 将来
一般 be done
was/were done will be done
进行 完成 be being done have been done was/were being had been done done
Will be being done will have done
考试重点：谓语动词的被动语态，情态动词的被动语态；感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；
用主动表示被动的含义 1. 谓语动词的被动：基本形式见上面表格，多结合时态来考察 例1 The goods ______when we arrived at the airport.
A. were just unloading B. were just been unloading C. had just unloaded D. were just being unloaded 【答案】D（2006年4月22题）
例2 He______ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A. was almost hurt B. was almost to hurt himself C. was almost hurt himself D. was almost hurting himself 【答案】A（2005年4月33题） 2. 感官动词及使役动词（如意：see, feel, hear, watch, make, bid）在主动与太重用无to
不定式作宾补，改为被动语态是不定式前要加to
例1 Because of many mistakes, she was made ____ these letters again.
A. type B. to typing C. typed D. to type
【答案】D（2006年11月22题）
本句的意思是：因为错误太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。
例2 Henry is often seen ____English aloud every morning in the classroom.
A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read
【答案】D（2004年11月31题） 3. 用主动表示被动的含义
（1） Need/require+ doing sth.(=to be done) (此句型主语大多为物)。 例1 It is hot and dry; the flowers need ______.
A. being watered B. be watered C. to water D. to be watered 【答案】D（2006年11月23题）
本句的意思是：天气又热又干燥，花需要浇水。 例2 My room is a mess. It needs ______.
A. to be tidying up B. tidying up C. to tidy up D. tidied up 【答案】B（2000年47题）
本剧的意思是：我的房间很乱，需要收拾。
（2） sell, wash, read, write, run等动词带状语修饰时。 例： This kind of clothes sells well. 这种衣服卖得很好。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利。 （3） 主语+sound(feel, look, smell, taste) +形容词。 例： The dish____ terrible! I don’t like it at all.
A. tastes B. tasted C. will taste D. is tasted
【答案】A（2005年11月9题）
本句意思是：这盘菜太难吃了，我一点也不喜欢。 （三） 虚拟语气
虚拟语气是英语三级考试的必考知识点质疑，也是体现英汉语言习惯区别的一种现象。在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情况常用一些虚词来表示，例如“假设”、“如果”等等；而英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化。 虚拟语气的基本作用：
（1） 表达假设的情况与事实相反； （2） 表达异想天开很难实现的愿望； （3） 表达建议、命令、劝告等语气。 本部分重点讲解if引导的虚拟条件从句，含蓄条件句、特殊结构中的虚拟语气，以及should+动词原形的用法。 1. 虚拟语气的基本形式和用法
虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类： 假设类型 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实可能相反
条件从句谓语动词形式 If+动词的过去式
（be用were而不用was） If+ had+过去分词
If+ were to+动词原形或 If+ should+动词原形
主句谓语动词形式
would（第一人称可用should）+动词原形 would（第一人称可用should）+have+
would（第一人称可用should）+动词原形
下面我们列举今年的真题来强化记忆。
例1 Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I _____ it to you.”
A. will return B. must return
C. could return D. would have returned 【答案】D（200年4月45题）
例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.
A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know 【答案】C（1995年38题）
例3 If Bob _____ with us, he would have had a good time.
A. would come B. would have C. had come D. came 【答案】C（1995年59题） 2. 省略if的虚拟形式
在虚拟条件句中，如位于包含were，had, should等词，则可以把这些词放在主语前面，省略if。
例1 ______ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.
A. If he took B. If he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken 【答案】D（2004年4月32题）
例2 ______, I should ask them some questions.
A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us
C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us
【答案】A
例3 ________ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.
A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 【答案】B
3. should+动词原型及should的省略
(1) 一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见。因此这些动词（或七派生词）后面的从句应使用虚拟语气，即should+动词原型。Should可以省略。这样的词有： suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move, insist, require, request, demand, desire, order,
command (2) 在It is necessary/important/essential/vital/urgent/surprising/amazing that… 引导的主语从 句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原型，should可以省略。
例1 I don’t think it advisable that Tom _________ to the job since he has no experience. A. be assigned B. is assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned 【答案】A
例2 His mother insisted that he ________the coat when going out.
A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on
【答案】A
例3 The doctor advised that Mr. Malan __________ an operation right away so as to save his life.
A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have 【答案】C
例4 It is vital that enough money _________ collected to get the project started.
A. is B. be C. must be D. can be 【答案】B
北京成人学位英语 语法知识与真题解析
