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2020届高考英语二轮复习专题12:特殊句式Word版含解析

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专题 十二 特殊句式 考向预测

特殊句型是英语学习中必须掌握的难点知识,熟练地掌握和使用对提高应试能力有很大的帮助。通过近几年试题的分析与研究,主要从以下几个方面进行考查:倒装句、强调句和省略句。在学习时,首先应弄清楚如何正确地使用,其次要在具体的语境中灵活使用。

知识与技巧的梳理

近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象,如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句,把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起,考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。 考点1 强调句----强调句结构及其中的who和that

强调句的基本构成为:It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。无论强调那个部分,其后面的连接词只能用who或者that。被强调的部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调的部分不指人时,切不可因为强调的是时间、地点、原因或者方式状语而用when, where, why或how,此时必须用that。如: ① It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.

正是在战争结束后爱因斯坦才得以重新回到研究工作中去。

②It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed.那位老太太是在银行的前面被抢劫的。 ③It is when he got back that he knew what had happened.他回来后才知道所发生的情况。 ④It was the goat’s eyes that he had seen in the darkness.他在黑暗中看到的就是这只山羊的眼睛。 特别提示:

强调句中的主谓一致性:当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。如: ① It is my mother who cooks every day.每天煮饭的是我妈妈。 ② It is he who is wrong.是他错了。 【典例】

It was after he got what he had desired _____he realize it was not so important. A. that

B. when

C. since

D. as

【答案】A

【解析】考查强调句型。句意:直到他得到了他想要的东西,他才意识到它并没有那么重要。此处为强调句型,其基本结构为:it+ is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分,本题强调after he got what he had desired,故A正确。

考点2 强调句----强调状语部分

强调句所强调的状语部分可以是介词短语、副词或状语从句。如: 1.强调介词短语

It is not without an effort that we can expect to succeed. 不经努力,我们不能指望成功。

2.强调状语从句

①It was before he went to London that he had learned English for three years.他在去伦敦之前已经学了三年英语。(强调时间)

②It was where you have questions that you’d better make a mark.最好在你有疑问的地方做个记号。(强调地点) ③It was because she was ill that she didn’t come to the party.她没来参加聚会是因为她病了。(强调原因) ④It is as the Party tells us that we must do.我们必须做的就是听从党的安排。(强调方式)

⑤It is as long as you promise to be back before 8:00 that you can go out.只要你保证八点以前回来你就可以出去。(强调条件)

3.强调not until结构

It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why she was angry with him. 直到母亲把一切都告诉他,Jack才明白母亲为什么生他的气。 特别提示:

not until 引导的复合句放于句首时,主句须用倒装语序。但如果放于被强调的位置,则that后的主谓不倒装。如:

① It wasn’t until I got off the bus that I realized it.直到下车我才意识到这一点。(强调句) ② Not until I got off the bus did I realize it.直到下车我才意识到这一点。(倒装句) 【典例】

It ____not until she came back ____ Jane realized that she had lost her ID card. A. is, that 【答案】C

【解析】考查强调句型及时态。句意:直到到了家,简才发现她的身份证丢了。在高中英语中not和until只能在两种情况下紧挨着出现:1.强调句型It is/was not until...that...; 2.倒装句型Not until...。在其他情况下一律用not...until...,分析句子结构可知,此处为强调句,又因句子使用了一般过去时和过去完成时可知,此处应使用was。故C选项正确。

考点3 强调句-----强调句的疑问句

B. was, who

C. was, that

D. is, who

1.一般疑问句。结构为:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分?如: Was it during the Anti-Japanese War that he died? 他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗?

2.特殊疑问句。结构为:特殊疑问词(what/Who/when/Why/Where/How)+is/was it+ that/who+句子其他成分? 如:

Why is it that smoking is not allowed here? 为什么这儿不允许吸烟? ‘ 考点4 强调句-----强调句与主语从句、定语从句和状语从句的辨析

1. 掌握强调句与“It is/was…that+从句.”式主语从句的使用区别。主句从句中it is/was后通常用名词或形容词作表语,而强调句中it is/was后被强调的成分是主语、宾语或状语。如:

① It is a wonder that the wounded soldier is still alive. 那个受伤的士兵还活着,真是个奇迹。(主语从句) ② It is a wonder that we visited yesterday. 我们昨天参观的是一个奇迹。(强调句)

2.定语从句的引导词(即关系代词和关系副词)在从句的使用过程中较为丰富,如who,that,which,whose,when,where,why等,与充当先行词的名词或代词存在修饰与被修饰的关系;而强调句中的引导词只有who和that,强调人时,用who或that,强调其他时,只用that,且与被强调的部分不存在修饰与被修饰的关系。如:

①It was 2009 when she graduated from the senior high school. 那是2009年,她高中毕业的时候。(定语从句)

②It was in 2009 that she graduated from the senior high school. 她高中毕业是在2009年。(强调句)

3. 容易与强调句混淆的时间状语从句主要有:

(1) It is/was+时间+since从句。有两种含义:如果since从句中的谓语动词是非延续性的。则译为“自从……有多长时间了”;如果是延续性的,则译为“不做某事已有多长时间了”。如: ①It is three years since he joined the army.自他参军以来已有三年了。 ②It is many years since he smoked.他没有吸烟已有好多年了。

(2) It is/will(not)be+时间段+before从句。表示“要过多久(不久)才……”,before从句后的谓语动词多用一般现在时。如:

It won’t be long before you reach your goal.你离成功不远了。

(3) It was+时间段+before从句。表示 “过了多久才……”。before从句后的谓语动词多用一般过去时。如: It was four hours before he finished the work. 过了四小时他才完成工作。 【典例】

It was after having her first child at a time____ my mother was working as a lawyer ____she decided to run for governor of the state A. that; that C. that; who

B. which; that D. when; that

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句型和定语从句。句意:在我母亲做律师的时生了第一个孩子后,她决定竞选州长。第一空“when”引导定语从句,先行词是“ a time”,从句中缺少时间状语,故用关系副词“when”;第二空“that”构成了强调句式的基本结构It is/was+强调部分+that从句。

4. 谓语动词的强调

强调句“It is/was…that…”一般不强调谓语动词,如果要强调谓语,用助动词do,does或did。如:The family did manage to send him to a technical schoo1.家里的确设法让他上技术学校。 考点5 倒装句------全部倒装

把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装或完全倒装。主要有:

1. 以here, there, out, in, up, down, away等副词开头,谓语动词多为be, come, go等,则需用全部倒装。如:There flows a river at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一条河。

2. 以then, now, thus开头,谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be, 主语又是名词/名词词组,则用全部倒装(若主语是代词,则不能倒装)。如:Now comes your turn! 该你了

3.当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be,come,sit,live,stand,lie,exist等时,常用全部倒装。如:On the ground lay an old man,who was dying.地上躺着一位老人,奄奄一息。

4.such作表语,置于句首,表示“这样的人/事物;上述的人/事物”。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。如:Such is their decision.他们的决定就是这样。 【典例】

______, without waiting for any reply. A. Away did he go 【答案】C

【解析】考查倒装。句意:没有等待任何回复,他走开了。方位副词位于句首时,应使用完全倒装结构,但是当主语是代词时,不需要倒装,要使用陈述语序。故C选项正确。 考点6 强调句------部分倒装

只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。主要有:

1. 在疑问句中须部分倒装。但在疑问句中作主语的特殊疑问句里,不用倒装。如: ① Does he speak Chinese? 他说中国话吗? ② Who is in this room? 谁在这个房间里?

2. 用于以so, nor, neither开头的句子,表示重复前句的部分内容,须部分倒装,且此句的谓语动词应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致,但“so+主语+do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定,它的主语与上文的主语相同,so相当于indeed,certainly。如:

①Mary has learned by heart 200 words,and So have I.玛丽已经记住了200个单词,我也是这样。

B. Away went he

C. Away he went

D. Did he go away

②—The girls study hard.这些女孩学习刻苦。 —so they do.她们的确如此。

3. 在以never,seldom,not only,rarely,scarcely,in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句子用部分倒装。如:Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery.我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。

4. Only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时用部分倒装。

如:Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could the operation be conducted. 只有在麻醉师给病人实施麻醉以后,手术才能进行。

5. 在so…that, such…that句型中,当so, such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装。

如:So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他说话声音那样大,隔壁屋里的人都能听见。

6.在hardly…when,no sooner…than,not until句型中,主句须部分倒装。 如:Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.他一到,天就下起雪来了。

7.as引导的让步状语从句结构为:形容词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语。如: ① Tired as he was, he stayed up late. 他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。

② Explain as I might, I could not make myself understood. 尽管我已经解释了,但我还是不被理解。 ③ Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是个孩子,可他知道很多。(注意开头的名词前无冠词) ...

8.在省略了if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should置于句首。

如:Were I in your position,I would not go.我要是在你的位置上,我是不会去的。

9.however,no matter how引导的让步状语从句,把however/no matter how + 形容词/副词 置于句首。 如:However hard he worked,he couldn’t solve the problem.不管多努力,他就是解决不了那个问题。 【典例】

1. At no time _____in the exam. It was unfair to punish them. A.they actually cheated C.did they actually cheat 【答案】 C

【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:他们在考试中绝对没有作弊。惩罚他们是不公平的。此处否定词组At no time位于句子开头,句子用部分倒装,结合句意可知句子是一般过去时态,故答案为C。 【典例】

2. Only when the teacher walked into the classroom _____that she had left the speech note at home. A.she realized C.she has realized 【答案】D

B.has she realized D.did she realized

B.do they actually cheat D.they had actually cheat

2020届高考英语二轮复习专题12:特殊句式Word版含解析

专题十二特殊句式考向预测特殊句型是英语学习中必须掌握的难点知识,熟练地掌握和使用对提高应试能力有很大的帮助。通过近几年试题的分析与研究,主要从以下几个方面进行考查:倒装句、强调句和省略句。在学习时,首先应弄清楚如何正确地使用,其次要在具体的语境中灵活使用。知识与技巧的梳理近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉
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