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英语虚拟语气归纳整理【四大类别】
1．If虚拟条件句
2．Wish/if only/would rather愿望和as if(though>好像 3．从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
4．It’s time从句 第一类 If虚拟条件句
分三种时态：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
*条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟>条件句两种。真实条件句的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句的假想与事实相反或不大可能会发生，试比较：b5E2RGbCAP If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气> p1EanqFDPw If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气> DXDiTa9E3d If条件句虚拟 时态类型 主句 If引导的从例句 句 动词过去式1. If I were you, I did should study English. *be 多用2. I would certainly go were if I had time.动词过去完1. If you had taken my 成式advice, you would not had done have failed in the test. 2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.1 / 9
与现在相would/should/cou 反 ld/might+ V原型与过去相would/should/cou 反ld/might +have done个人收集整理资料， 仅供交流学习， 勿作商业用途 与将来相would/should/cou 反 ld/might + V原①动词过去1.If you came tomorrow, 式we would have the ②should +V meeting. ① 原2. If it were to rain ③were + to tomorrow, the meeting do would be put off.③*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去 时；与过去相反用过去完成时<即过去的过去） 注：几点特别说明
1、l would/should/could/might 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：RTCrpUDGiT If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果> 5PCzVD7HxA If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能> jLBHrnAILg If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力> xHAQX74J0X 2、错综时间虚拟条件句：即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：LDAYtRyKfE If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。Zzz6ZB2Ltk You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。dvzfvkwMI1 2 / 9
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3、 If虚拟条件句的否定<含蓄条件句）常考三个句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，but for…其意为“若不是(有>” “要不是”。如：rqyn14ZNXI If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。EmxvxOtOco If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded. SixE2yXPq5 =But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded. 6ewMyirQFL =Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded. kavU42VRUs 4、<了解就可以了）If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：
Were I in school again (= If I were in school again>, I would work harder. y6v3ALoS89 Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…> M2ub6vSTnP 第二类 Wish/if only/would rather愿望和as if(though>好像从句分时态0YujCfmUCw l Wish从句 ……就好了【通常带有遗憾、抱歉的语气】
1．与现在事实相反：动词过去式或were
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I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..> eUts8ZQVRd I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.> sQsAEJkW5T I wish they would let us get some sleep.
* wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：GMsIasNXkA <1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.> TIrRGchYzg <2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.> 7EqZcWLZNX 2．if only 后的句子用虚拟语气要是……就好了
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：lzq7IGf02E If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。 If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。zvpgeqJ1hk If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! 注意：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
3．l would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去
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在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示\宁愿做什么\，具体用法为：NrpoJac3v1 ① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望：
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now>. 我宁愿你明天(现在>去。 ② 用过去完成时表示过去的愿望：
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 4．l as if (though> 从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as though>引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例：1nowfTG4KI He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。fjnFLDa5Zo He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1> 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气【需要判断句子意思是否为事实】：
It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。 (2> 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷>。
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