Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里 【New words and expressions】（12）
trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境 surface n. 地面，表面 explosive n. 炸药 vibration n. 震动 collapse v. 坍塌 drill v. 钻孔
capsule n. 容器 layer n. 层、层次
beneath prep. 在......之下 lower v. 放下，降低 progress v. 进展，进行 smoothly adv. 顺利地
★ trap （1） v. 陷入，使陷于困境
eg：He was trapped in the game preserve . 他被困在禁猎区。 in the game preserve 在禁猎区
（2）v. 将（某人）诱入圈套、诱骗 （某人） trap sb into doing 诱使某人做某事
eg：They trapped her into marring him . 他们又骗她嫁给了他。 （3） n.（捕鸟、兽等用的）圈套、陷阱 a bear caught in a trap 熊陷入陷阱
set a trap for mouse ＝ set a mousetrap 设（陷阱）；张（罗网）；扬（帆），钩住 （4） n. 诡计、圈套、策略
eg：He fell into a trap . 他掉进了陷阱 ★ surface （1） n. 地面，表面 a smooth surface 光滑的表面 （2） n. 外表、外观
look only at the surface of things 只看事情的表面 on the surface 表面上的 、外观上的 friendship on the surface 表面上的友谊
eg：You looked satisfied on the surface then . 那个时候你看起来表面上很满足。 （3） adj. 外表的
surface differences 表面上的差异 ； surface kindness 表面上的好心 短语： surface mail 陆 （水）路邮件、普通邮件（相反的airmail） send a letter by surface mail 寄普通邮件 ★ explosive （1） n. 炸药 high explosive 强力炸药
（2） adj. 爆发的、爆发性的 an explosive substance 爆炸物
explosion n. （1）爆发 、爆裂、爆炸声 a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸
（2） 爆发 an explosion of laughter 爆发出笑声 explode v. （1） （炸药、煤气等）爆炸事件 eg：The heat exploded the corked bottle . 热气使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。
（2）（因生气、笑等）使 （感情）爆发、（感情）爆发 eg：He exploded in anger . 勃然大怒 eg：His jealousy exploded when she kissed another boy . 看她吻了另一个男孩、他醋劲大发。 ＊ jealousy [?d?el?si] n.妒忌；猜忌 ★ vibration n. 震动
the vibration of the traffic 车辆来往产生的振动。 vibrate （1） v. 振动、摇动
eg：His shoulders vibrated with anger .他气到双肩颤动。
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（2） v. 受……而感动， （心）颤动、惊动 eg：My heart vibrated to the soulful painting . 那张充满感情的画感动了我的心灵。 ★ collapse （1） v. 坍塌、瓦解、崩溃
eg：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow . 雪把房顶压塌了. eg：The heavy flood collapsed the bridge .大洪水使桥梁倒塌了。
（2） v.（计划、事业等）垮掉、挫败
eg：Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds . 因为资金短缺，我们的计划挫败。 （3） v. 摺叠、可摺叠
eg：This table collapses , so I can store it easily . 这种桌子可以折叠,不用时很容易收藏。 collapse a tent 把帐篷折叠起来 ★ drill （1） v. 钻孔
drill a hole in the wall 在墙上钻个洞 drill a tooth 钻牙齿
（2）v. 训练 （某人），反覆练习、接受训练 drill troops 练兵
drill in English pronunciation 英语发音练习
（3） n. 锥子 、钻孔机 an electric drill 电钻 make a hole with a drill 用钻打洞
（4） n. 训练、演练、演习 a fire drill 消防演习 drill in English words 英文单字反覆练习 ★ capsule medicine ：
pill [pil] 药丸、 powder [?paud?] 药粉 、
tablet [?t?blit] 药片 、 capsule [?k?psju:l] 胶囊 ★ layer （1） n. 层、一层
a layer of clay 一层泥 ＊ clay [klei] n.粘土，泥土 a cake with two layers 两层蛋
（2） 置放者、砌……的人（通常构成复合词） n. 容器、胶囊 eg：He swallowed two capsules at a time . 他一下吃了两粒胶囊。
a bricklayer 泥瓦匠 （3） 下蛋的鸡
a good layer 常下蛋的鸡 ←→ a bad layer 不常下蛋的鸡 ★ beneath （1） prep. 在......之下
（可用已表示接触或未接触时，稍为严谨的表达法，一般多用under） eg：Let’s take a rest beneath the tree . 让我们在树下休息。
eg：The ground beneath my feet was soft . 我脚下的土地松软。 （2）（地位、价值） 较…….差的，较……不值的的 eg：His work is beneath contempt . 他的行为使人不屑一顾 eg：Such words are beneath you . 说这些话有些失你身份。 ★ lower （1） v. 放低（高度、位置） ，降低 eg：She lowered her eyes . 他垂下眼睛。 lower a flag 降旗 ； lower the sails 降帆
lower the water in the canal 降低运河中的水位 （2） v. 降低 （价格、数量、程度、声音等）
lower the rent of a house 降低房租 ； lower one’s voice 压低声音 the Lower House （两院治的）下议院 the House of Representatives （美）众议院 the House of Commons （英）下议院 the Upper House 上议院
★ progress （1）[?pr??gres] v. 进展，进行
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eg：We are now progressing steadily with our work 我们现在工作进展顺利。 （2） v. 进步、上进
eg：You have progressed quickly in mathematics . 你在数学上进步迅速。 （1） n. [?pr?ugres] 前进、进行
make swift progress toward the destination 朝目的地迅速前进 。 make slow progress toward the destination朝目的地缓慢前进。
（2） n. 进步 the progress of medicine 医药的进步 ★ smoothly adv. 顺利地、平滑地 go smoothly 进展顺利
eg：The escalator didn’t operate smoothly . 自动扶梯没有顺利运作 ＊ escalator [?esk?leit?] n.自动扶梯
＊ operate [??p?reit] vi.运转；动手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营 smooth （1） adj. 平滑的 、顺利的（反义词 rough） a smooth skin 光滑的皮肤 ； a smooth road 顺畅的道路 eg：His efforts made the smooth passage of the bill possible . 他的努力使该法案得以顺利通过。
（2） adj. 口齿伶俐的 a smooth talker 一个能说会道的人 （3） adj. 温和的
eg：He is smooth in his manners . 他举止彬彬有礼。 （4） v. 使平滑 （坦）
smooth out a tablecloth 铺平桌布
eg：Don’t forget to smooth down the board before you paint it . 在刷油漆之前别忘了把木料打磨光滑。
if 条件句
真实条件句 ：主将从现 非真实条件件句 ：
与现在事时相反或对不可能的情况假设 主句：would do…… 从句 ：一般过去式 与过去事实相反的假设 主句：would have done…… 从句：had done…….
Exercise ：1. 用正确的动词填空
（1） If they are not brought （not bring ） to the surface soon , they may lose their lives . （2） If explosive are used , vibrations will cause （cause） the roof of the mine to collapse. （3） If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath soil, they would have completed（complete）the job in a few hours .
（4） If they know how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock , they would lose（lose） heart . 2. 用正确的动词填空
（1） If he had fitted safety belts to his car , he would not have been injured .（not injure） （2） The man would have been saved if a helicopter had been （be） available. （3） If you come home late you will find（find） the key under the mat .
（4） I would have found the house easily if he had given （give） me the correct address. （5） If smoking is forbidden（forbid） illnesses will be reduced . 【Text】
Why is the rescue taking so long?
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the
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job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
★ Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. 6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。 ※ be trapped in a mine 被困在矿井
a gold mine 金矿 ； work in a mine 在矿场工作
★ If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. 如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。 ※ be brought to the surface 救到地面上来 lose one’s life 丧生
However, rescue operations are proving difficult. 然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。 ※ rescue （1） v.（从危险等） 救出 rescue……from ～から救う
eg：They rescued a boy from drowning . 救了那个落水男孩。 eg：The firemen rescued a baby from the brining house. 消防队员从着火的房屋里救出一名婴儿。 （2） n. 救助 go to one’s rescue 去营救某人 ※ prove v. 证明、显示出
prove + adj. eg：It proves difficult .
prove + to be eg：It proves to be fifficult .
prove that eg：It proves that it is difficult . 这证明，它是困难的
If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. 如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。 ※ 真实条件句
Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. 因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。 ※ on the north side of the mine 在矿井北侧 on both sides of the street 在街道两边
on the other side of the square 在广场的另一侧 They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. 他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。 intend to do 打算做某事
intend sb to do 打算让某人做某事
eg：He intends to study abroad next year . 他打算明年到国外留学。 eg：He intends his son to manage the company . 他打算让他儿子经营该公司。
※ bring up （1） 养育、培育、教育
eg：She’s brought up three children. 她一个人养大了三个孩子。 a well-brought up child 有教养的孩子
←→ a badly-brought up child 没有教养的孩子 （2） 提出话题
eg：His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting . 他在会议上提出新的建议。
If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. 如果不是因为土
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壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。 ※ 非真实条件句
As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. 实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。 ※ as it is 实际上
in fact ＝ as a matter of fact 实际上，其实 a long way to go （本文中） 离钻透还早着呢 three months to go 还有三个月
Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。 ※ enable sb to do 使某人做
eg：The new contact enables us to demand whatever we want . 新的通讯方式能让我们得到想要的任何东西。 ※ keep in touch with 与…保持联系
eg：He still keeps in touch with his old friends . 他依然与他的老朋友保持联系。 ←→ out of touch失去联系
eg：I’m out of touch with economic conditions now . 我不了解现阶段的经济状况。
a near touch（a close call） 千钧一发
※ closest relatives ＝ immediate relatives 直系亲属
Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. 虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。 ※ run out of 耗尽 （use up） run after （chase）
eg：A crowed of boys ran after the beggar . 一群男孩追赶着乞丐。 run over 撞倒
eg：That boy was nearly run over by a car . ＝ The car nearly hit him. 小男孩差一点儿被汽车轧了。
run in（新汽车的发动机的） 磨合运转、磨合试车 eg：Don’t drive so fast . This car hasn’t been run in yet .
＝ The car must be driven slowly so as not to damage the new engine . 别开得这么快这辆车还没有试车。 run into 偶遇
run across / meet with / come across / meet by chance / meet by accident eg：I ran into Helga while I was in Sweden . 我在瑞典时偶遇Helga。 They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. 他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。
If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. 如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。 ※非真实条件句 ※ drill through 钻透
lose heart 失望 ＝ lose one’s nerve
含有run 的短语 Exercises 用正确的动词填空 ：
1.I ran into an old friend of mine in a restaurant yesterday . ＊ ran into v. 跑进
2. While driving to work yesterday . I petrol and had to walk to a garage . ＊ ran out of 用尽、缺乏
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（完整版）新概念英语第二册 - 88课(2)
