桂林理工大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试试题 （A）
考试科目代码：357
考试科目名称：英语翻译基础
（总分150分，三小时答完） 考生注意：1．请将答题写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上视为无效。
一 、短语翻译（每小题1分，共20分）
A．把下列词组翻译成汉语。 1.burn the middle night oil 2. black tea 3. build a fire 4. heavy schedule
5. beyond description
B．把下列词组翻译成英语。 11.高贵的血统 12.多如牛毛 13.多边合作 14.轻音乐 15.三心二意
6.to pull up one’s socks 7.tourist industry 8. ASEAN
9.foreignizing translation 10.an emergency exit 16.合资企业 17.《论语》 18.译后编辑
19.计算机辅助翻译 20.实体经济
二、句子翻译（每小题3分，共30分）
A．把下列句子翻译成汉语。
1. This country was recovering its true self, drawing lessons both from its own mistakes and from its enemies. 2. Will the Chinese cower before difficulties when they are not afraid even of death? The people fear not death,
why threaten them with it?
3. As relations between China and Australia develop, the continuing importance of expanding trade will be
balanced by the development of close contact over a broad of political issues.
4. Above all, China challenges all of us to be true to ourselves--- to build our new societies, not on alien forms
borrowed indiscriminately, but on our own unique historical experiences and cultural identities.
5. The situation cannot be otherwise because our friendship and cooperation are based on our common sincere
adherence to the five principles of peaceful co-existence.
B．把下列句子翻译成英语。
6. 如星似萤的渔火，形成了两江四湖独特的风景。 7. 这个酒店能接待300多个旅客。
8. 以上事实说明中国出口商品越来越受国外顾客的青睐。
9. 一道阳光照耀在山巅之上，游客们高兴得跳了起来，都为这一壮观的景色而喝彩不休。 10. 从桂林坐旅游车向东南方向走大约两个小时左右可以到达一个叫阳朔的旅游胜地。
三、英译汉（每小题25分，共50分）
1．China is much less a political entity than a civilization --- the only one that has survived from ancient times. Since the days of Confucius, the Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian Macedonian, and Roman empires have perished; but China has persisted through a continuous evolution. There have been foreign influences --- first
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Buddhism, and now Western science. But Buddhism did not turn the Chinese into Indians and Western science will not turn them into Europeans. I have met men in China who knew as much of Western learning as any professor among ourselves; yet they had not been thrown off their balance, or lost touch with their own people. What is bad in the West --- its brutality, its restlessness, its readiness to oppress the weak, its preoccupation with purely material aims --- they see to be bad, and do not wish to adopt. What is good, especially its science, they do wish to adopt.
2．The Scientific Attitude
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and technologists develop new drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of applied knowledge are some examples of this aspect of science. The second aspect is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity --- he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions whether of pure or applied knowledge, and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent.
He is skeptical --- he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available --- and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own. Since he knows that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
四、汉译英（每小题25分，共50分）
1. 对于久居在一个城市的人，放下经年经月循环往复的工作，带上家人，或约三两好友，到百里千里之外的地方走走看看，总是最有吸引力的选择。况且，又逢秋高气爽的季节，每年国庆长假让人心驰神往的，就是——去外地，游山水。
不过在这样的旅游旺季出门难免会碰到诸如车票、机票难买、住宿紧张或票价上涨、热门景点人山人海等问题，让你有遭遇“人灾”的烦恼。所以，选定方向和地点，提前作好各种准备，是保证出游好心情的关键。
2.科幻作家早就开始梦想建造一种太空电梯---一座22000英里高的升降机,以使人们能像日常乘坐电梯那样徐徐登入轨道。美国国家航空航天局马歇尔（Marshall）航天飞行中心的戴维?史密瑟曼（David Smitherman）基至概述了如何开发这样一种装置。但是他也承认实施该计划至少得过一个世纪。就目前而言,攀越地球重力井最陡峭的壁段的唯一可行的方法是使用化学燃料火箭。然而,一旦飞出了地球引力大气层,所希望的缓速飞行便成为可能,因为即便是很小的加速度,在保持足够长的时间之后也会产生出极快的速
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度。且想想龟兔赛跑吧。
去年12月18日,美国宇航局发射的“深空1号”（Deep Space 1）航天器,在经过了三年的太空旅行后关闭了引撃。它向人们展示了太空缓速飞行的优越性。在常规发射之后,“深空1号”启动了其显然异乎寻常的离子发动机（ion engine）。探测器上的太阳能电池板产生的电流加快了机上氙气（xenon gas）的供给速度,并将产生的离子以每小时7000里的速度从尾部射出去。该发动机所产生的推进力很微弱,仅相当于掌上两三张纸的分量,但它喷射了16000小时。“深空1号”最终获得了每小时7900英里的超速,使其能够沿着环行探索路线经过布菜叶小行星（Braille）和博雷利（Borrelly）彗星。美国国家航空航天局目前正在研制功率更强大的下一代离子发动机。
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2020年桂林大学357英汉翻译基础考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题
