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航空发动机导论

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航空发动机导论

专业: 交通工程 学号: 姓名: 所属学院: 机场学院

二〇一六年 四 月

航空发动机导论

1

(1.中国民航大学机场学院,天津 300300)

摘 要:航空发动机(aero-engine),是一种高度复杂和精密的热力机械,为航空器提供飞行所需动

力的发动机。作为飞机的心脏,被誉为“工业之花”,它直接影响飞机的性能、可靠性及经济性,是一个国家科技、工业和国防实力的重要体现。目前,世界上能够独立研制高性能航空发动机的国家只有美国、俄罗斯、英国、法国等少数几个国家,技术门槛很高。航空发动机主要有三大类:活塞式航空发动机、燃气涡轮发动机、冲压发动机。当今,在全球范围内使用较多的是燃气涡轮发动机,它主要有四种构造类型,分别是:涡轮喷气发动机、涡轮风扇发动机、涡轮轴发动机、涡轮螺旋桨发动机。世界三大航空发动机生产商分别是美国通用电气、英国罗尔斯·罗伊斯和美国普拉特·惠特尼。中国进入航空发动机领域较晚,在发动机的研制、使用、维护上与世界航空大国存在很大的差距,但我国也是在航空发动机领域进步最快的一个国家,我国现今拥有多款性能卓越的发动机,现今对航空发动机的重视会使得我国的航空发动机能够更加快速的进步。

关键词:航空发动机;可靠性;经济性;涡轮风扇发动机

Abstract

Aircraft engine (aero - engine), is a highly complex and sophisticated thermal mechanical, provide power for the flying aircraft engine. As the heart of the aircraft, known as the \of the industry\it directly affects the performance, reliability and economy of aircraft is a national science and technology, industry and the important embodiment of national defense power. At present, the developed independently in the world of high performance aero engine countries only the United States, Russia, Britain, France and other countries, a few technical threshold is very high. There are three main categories: engine piston aircraft engine, gas turbine engine and ramjet. Today, on a global scale is to use more gas turbine engine, it mainly has four structural types, respectively is: turbo jet engines, turbofan engine, turboshaft and turboprop engines. Are three aircraft engine manufacturer in the world, American, the American and British rolls Royce pratt Whitney. China into the field of aero engine late, on engine development, use, maintenance and air power there is a big gap in the world, but China is also one of the fastest progress in the field of aero engine countries, our country today are based on the excellent performance of the engine, today's emphasis on aircraft engine will make our country's aviation engine can more rapid development.

Keywords: Aircraft engine; Reliability; Economy; Turbofan engine

目录

一、 对我校飞行器动力工程专业的认识 二、 航空燃气涡轮发动机的类型及其特点 三、 航空燃气涡轮发动机的工作原理 四、 航空燃气涡轮发动机的组成及其功用

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