2020年高考英语二轮复习 专题 6 阅读理解IV：词义猜测
1.D【四省名校2019-2020学年高三第一次大联考】
If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.
The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.
It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it’s worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.
Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said Sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren’t found guilty.
Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn’t stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses. 12. What does the new study show? A. People wearing glasses are smarter. B. People wearing glasses are healthier. C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer. D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.
13. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Shift.
B. Link.
C. Proof.
D. Consequence.
14. Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court? A. Because it can create a moral image. B. Because it can mislead the witnesses. C. Because it can highlight clients’ qualities. D. Because it can prove the clients’ innocence.
15. What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion? A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Mixed
D. Indifferent.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。
12.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故D项正确。
13.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故B项正确。
14.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，由此可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故A项正确。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，由此可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故C项正确。
2. C【河南省中原名校2019-2020学年高三上学期第二次质量考评】
Plastics remain one of the most - used materials for making many things. Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time. Plastics are also much lighter than metal and can easily be formed into different shapes. Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down on their own. And very few kinds are highly recyclable.
A team of researchers working at the US Department of Energy says it has created a kind of plastic that could lead to products that are 100 percent recyclable. It recently reported the discovery in a study in the journal Nature Chemistry.
The researchers say the new material is a plastic polymer (聚合体)called polydiketoenamine, or PDK. The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的)level. It can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors. The researchers say this process can be repeated over and over again—without the plastic material losing any performance or quality.
\aid in a statement. \have discovered a new way to assemble plastics that takes recycling into consideration from a molecular perspective. ”
Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful. The problem is that these chemicals attach to the monomers (单体),which remain in plastics even after the material gets processed at a recycling plant. The research team reported that, with the newly discovered PDK material, the monomers could be recovered and separated from any chemical additives.
Next, the researchers plan to develop PDK plastics \These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed materials and foams. In addition, the team is trying to include plant - based materials in the process. 28. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. Plastics are never highly recyclable. B. Plastics are widely used in our lives.
C. Plastics have both advantages and disadvantages. D. Plastics take hundreds of years to be broken down. 29. What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The new material. C. The molecular level.
B. The research team. D. The producing process.
30. Why do many plastics have different chemicals added to them? A. To make them easy to break down. B. To make them easy to get processed. C. To make it possible for them to be recycled. D. To make them stronger and more widely used. 31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. PDK plastics will be soon put to good use. B. PDK plastics may have a promising prospect. C. The researchers are busy developing PDK plastics. D. Plant - based materials have been used in the new plastics. 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队正在研究一种新型的塑料，这种塑料更容易降解，更耐用且可以循环利用。
28.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的Things made of plastics can be very strong and last a long time. …And very few kinds are highly recyclable.可知，塑料结实耐用，更易成型；需要上百年才能降解，且几乎不能循环利用；所以本段既讲了塑料的优点也讲了缺点。C. Plastics have both advantages and disadvantages.（塑料既有优势也有劣势）可以总结本段。故选C项。
29.词义猜测题。根据前句The team reports the material can be broken down in parts at the molecular (分子的)level. （研究队说这种材料能被降解成分子大小的微粒）和画线词后面的can then be built up again to form plastics of different shapes, textures and colors. （然后再次组合形成不同形状，颜色和质地的塑料）可知，it代指的是前文提到的新材料，尤其从can be和can then be这两个并列句可以推出前后讲的是同物。故选A项。 30.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的Many plastics have different chemicals added to them to make them more useful and powerful.可知，加入其它化学物质的目的是让塑料更有用，更耐用。D. To make them stronger and more widely used.（让它们更坚固，使用面更广）符合以上说法。故选D项。
31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的These plastics could be used for many kinds of cloth, as well as things such as 3D printed materials and foams.可知，这种新型塑料在将来可以被用在很多领域，例如布料，3D打印和泡沫。B. PDK plastics may have a promising prospect.（PDK塑料可能有一个光明的前景）符合以上说法。故选B项。
3. B【河南省八市重点中学2019-2020学年高三9月月考】
As much as seventy years ago, in the city of Boston, there lived a small girl who had the naughty habit of running away.
Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Alcott, from first to last, had had a good many frights about this flyaway Louisa. Once when she was only two years old they were traveling with her on a steamboat, and she darted away, in some moment when no one was noticing her, and crawled into the engine-room to watch the machinery. Of course her clothes were all grease and dirt, and she might have been caught in the machinery and hurt.
Except for this one fault, Louisa was a good child, so she felt much ashamed that she had caused her mother, whom she loved dearly, so much worry. She made up her mind that she would never frighten her so again. No-she would cure herself of the running-away habit!
After that, whenever she felt the least desire to slip out of the house without asking permission, she would hurry to her own little room and shut the door tight. To keep her mind from bad plans she would shut her eyes and make up stories-think them all out, hers, you know. Then, when some of them seemed pretty good, she would write them down so that she would not forget them. By and by she found she liked making stories better than anything she had ever done in her life
Her mother sometimes wondered why Louisa grew so fond of staying in her little chamber the head of the stairs, all of a sudden, but was pleased that the runaway child had changed into such a quiet, like-to-stay-at-home girl.
It was a long time before Louisa dared to mention the stories and rhymes she had hidden in her desk but finally she told her mother about them, and when Mrs. Alcott had read them, she advised her to keep on writing. Louisa did so and became one of the best American story-tellers. She wrote a number of books, and if you begin with Lulu's Library, you will want to read Little Men and Little Women and all the books that dear Louisa Alcott ever wrote 4. What does the underlined word “darted away” in paragraph 2 mean? A. disappeared C. lost herself
5. Why did Louisa crawl into the engine room? A. Because she wanted to watch the machinery. B. Because she wanted to make her parents frightened C. Because she liked to make Jokes.
D. Because otherwise, she might have been hurt. 6. How did Louisa cure herself of running-away habit?
B. left quickly D. hid herself
2020年高考英语二轮复习专题06 阅读理解：词义猜测题（测）（含解析）
