欧洲文化入门历年真题（英语本科自考）

24. Joseph Conrad (d ) Lucky Jim 25. Spartacus (e) Major Barbara 26. Kingsley Amis (f) Wasps

27. George Bernard Shaw (g) Twelfth Night

28. van Gogh (h) beheaded in the Civil War 29. Hugo (i) Lord Jim

30. Bach (j) a staunch French Republican III. 简答题

31. What did Herodotus describe in his history? 32. What is the meaning of Pax Romana? 33. Why was Jesus crucified?

34. As a result of the Crusades, what Arabic knowledge was introduced to the West? 35. What role did intellectuals play beginning from the late 15th century? 36. Who is the author of the line \

37. Who was the writer who spent great effort on finding the fight word in the fight place? 38. What feeling was expressed in Whitman's \ 39. What question did Gide try to look into in many of his works? 40. What did Hegel maintain? IV. 名词解释

41. Illiad

42. Descartes's Dualism

43. the Theatre of the Absurd 44. Jonathan Swift V. 论述题

45. What is the significance of the 17th century?

应该是2006年欧洲文化入门试题

Ⅰ.选择题 (40 points, 2 point for each)

1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.

A. Pythagoras B. Democritus C. Aristotle D. Diogenes

2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by

Dante?

A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Cicero

3. ________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay. A. Thucydides B. Herodotus C. Socrates D. Aristotle

4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ . A. Moses B. Joshua C. Saul D. David

5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made

Christianity legal?

A. Domitian B. Valerian C. Constantine D. Theodosius

6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .

A. wanderers B. travelers C. traders D. merchants

7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central

Asia.

A. Turkish B. Huns C. Athens D. Roman

8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the

center of trade and community activity. A. bridge B. church building C. village D. subway

9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden

city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors. A. Milan B. Florence

C. Venice D. the papal states

10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning

yield beauty”?.

A. Boccaccio B. Shakespeare C. Raphael D. Petrarch

11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had great

impact on world literature.

A. Don Quixote B. hamlet C. Gargantua and Pantagruel D. Utopia

12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in

night.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light. A. Copernicus B. Kepler C. Newton D. Einstein 13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England

and with ________ in France.

A. Corneille B. Locke

C. Rousseau D. Descartes

14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________. A. the building of monasteries

B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin C. the setting up of the church system D. none of the above

15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?

A. Dante was a great Italian poet. B. Dante wrote Beowulf

C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian D. Dante was a great political thinker 16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importance

to ________ .

A. deductive reasoning B. classical authority C. direct observation and experiment D. humanist learning 17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?

A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.

B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics. C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.

D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and

emotional upheaval. .

A. Sophists B. Cynics

C. Sceptics D. Epicureans

19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, and

I will move the world.”

A. Archimedes B. Aristotle C. Plato D. Euclid

20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,

not the earth, is the center of the universe. A. Kepler B. Galileo C. Newton D. Copernicus 1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D 11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, D

Ⅱ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)

21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible 22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God

23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales 24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid

25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper 26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary 27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan 28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs

29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy 30.Homer [ ] (j)Odyssey

21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j

Ⅲ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in

the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)

31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones? The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.

32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the

4th century B.C.in Greece? The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and the Stoics.

33.What gave birth to Christianity?

It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.

34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?

The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.

35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into? People of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three

classes:clergy,lords and peasants.

36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years?

In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain

pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.

37.Name the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages. They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.

38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history? Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.

39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.

Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.

40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition

in western art?

It was the great Venetian painter Titian.

IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each) 41.Athens’democrach Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,but

by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. 42.Beowulf

Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the

collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon. 43.John Locke

John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,

whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time. 44.Odyssey

Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island

of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.

V.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)

45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推

理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?

The answer as follows:

1. The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the

forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.

2. He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be

blended with is as in Scholasticism.

3. Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular

facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific. 4. In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of natural

world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration. 欧洲文化入门第一章到第五章 I. 选择

Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture

1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?

A. Greek Culture B. Roman Culture C. Egyptian Culture D. Chinese Culture 2. In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.

A. 1200 B. C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B. C. D. The 5th century

3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?

A. Oedipus the King B. Iliad C. Odyssey D. Antigone 4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?

A. Antigone B. Agamemnon C. Persians D. Prometheus Bound 5. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?

A. Electra B. Antigone C. Trojan Woman D. Oedipus the King 6. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?

A. Antigone B. Persians C. Electra D. Medea

7. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?

A. Aristophanes B. Euripides C. Sophocles D. Aeschylus 8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”?

A. Pythagoras B. Heracleitus C. Aristotle D. Plato 9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?

A. Heracleitus B. Aristotle C. Socrates D. Pythagoras

10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”?

A. Protagoras B. Pythagoras C. Pyrrhon D. Epicurus 11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?

A. Horace B. Julius Caesar C. Virgil D. Marcus Tullius Cicero 12. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.

A. Virgil B. Julius Caesar C. Horace D. Lucretius 13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?

A. The Colosseum B. The Panthenon C. The Parthenon D. Pont du Gard 14. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?

A. Sappho B. Plato C. Virgil D. Horace

Division Two: The Bible and Christianity

15. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______

A. Buddism B. Islamism C. Christianity D. Judaism

16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called