political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.
A. Goethe B. Defoe C. Rousseau D. Byron 13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?
A. Wordsworth B. Shelley C. Pushkin D. Balzac 14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________. A. the power of reason B. individual freedom C. spontaneity D. love of nature
15. \ A. Wordsworth B. Keats C. Pushkin D. Shelley
16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music. A. Tchaikovsky B. Chopin C. Beethoven D. Mozart
17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended __ A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals
C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of \18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?
A. Resurrection B. War and Peace C. Crime and Punishment D. Anna Karenina
19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________. A. democracy B. the dignity of the individual C. the idyllic way of life D. the brotherhood of man 20. Modernism was characterized by ________.
A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventions
B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relations C. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formless D. all of the above.
II. True - False (20%)
1. Once every five years, ancient Greeks had a big sports festival on Mount Olympus, which marked the beginning of Olympic Games.
2. The greatest names in Western philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who were active in Athens in the 6 th century A. D.
3. The body of ideas the Greek philosophers expressed, and the variety of questions they raised about the nature of the world and of human thought, knowledge and conduct, \
4. Christianity remained an object of oppression throughout the history of Roman Empire.
5. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order; the only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.
6. Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic church, holding that only those especially selected
by God will be saved.
7. According to Locke, once a representative is chosen by majority vote, his power is absolute.
8. The Declaration of the Rights of Man which was enacted by the English Parliament in 1689 established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England.
9. Descartes believed that thought was the foundation of all knowledge while the senses might deceive us.
10. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason.
. Explain the Following Terms. (25 % )
1. Pax Romana
2. The Crusades
3. Gothic
4. Reformation
5. Social Darwinism
IV. Answer the Following Question. ( 15 % )
Why is Renaissance considered the departure from the Middle Ages and the beginning of modernity?
2004年欧洲文化入门试题
Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D ] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the answer card. ( 40 points ,2 points each ) 1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?
A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet. B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics. C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.
D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects. 2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire? A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.
B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D. C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.
D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century. 3. The Bible has been regarded as __________. A. a religious book B. literature
C. record of great minds D. 'all of the above 4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.
A. a loosely organized religious institution B. a highly centralized European organization
C. a highly centralized and disciplined international organization D. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.
5. The Crusades were wars between __________. A. the Arabs and the Christian Pilgrims
B. the Turks and the Christians in Western Europe C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems D. the Arabs and the Turks
6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________. A. feudal hierarchy of society B. divine power of feudal rulers C. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulers D. all of the above
7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________. A. What do I know?
B. I doubt therefore I think.
C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world. D. Only to stand out of my light.
8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________. A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope
B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope C. explored the mouth of the Amazon D. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti
9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton? A. l,aw of inertia. B. Law of falting bodies.
C. Law of\D. Law of universal gravitation.
10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________. A. the protection of private property B. the upholding of free thinking C. the abolishment of the rule of the church D. regulation of economy
11. Which of the following is\ A. The substitution of water power for human power. B. The introduction of machine.
C. The beginning of the factory system.
D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.
12. \ A. Voltaire B. Rousseau C. Diderot D. Moliere
13. In the works of __________.one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason. A. Handel B. Haydn C. Bach D. Mozart
14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century A. Don Juan B. Defence of Poetry C. Ode to a Nightingale D. Isles of Greece
15. Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________. A. the spirit of the French Revolution B. the spirit of Byronic heroes C. ideas of a moral nature D. the praise of natural beauty 16. __________. is considered to be the poet of the piano.
A. Mozart B. Chopin C.Schubert D. Schumann
17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens? A. A Tale of Two Cities. B. The Mayor of Casterbridge. C. David Copperfield. D. Pickwick Papers. 18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________. A. O' Henry B. Jack London C. Mark Twain D. Maupassant
19. \apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. \author of these lines was __________. A. William Faulkner B. Ezra Pound C. T. S. Eliot D. William Butler Yeats
20. __________.was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century. A. Sholokhov B. Tolstoy C. Chekhov D. Gorky 第二部分非选择题
In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)
2l. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse 22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics
23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan
24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time 25. Titian ( ) (e) Othello
26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations 27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession
28. Coleridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino 29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi
30. Descartes ( ) ( j ) Mathematical Principles Philosohy
Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )
31. What are the three styles in Greek architecture? 32. What was Marcus Cicero noted for?
33. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture? 34. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake?
35. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work \36. What is Montesquieu' s redefinition of law?
37. Which composer realized the possibility of the clarinet and used it for solo effects? 38. What new literary theory was put forward in the preface of \39. Who was called the \
40. Who was the American poet that settled down in London and became a leading figure of the Imagist movement? Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. ( 20 points,5 points each ) 41. Leonardo da Vinci
42. Thomas Hobbes' s political thought
43. Enlightenment 44. Black Humor
Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points) 45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art?
2007年自学欧洲文化入门试题
欧洲文化入门历年真题（英语本科自考）
