第七讲 定语从句
考点1 as,which引导的非限制性定语从句
1.It is a truly delightful place,________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015·湖南,29) A.as C.that 答案 D
解析 句意为:它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方,它看起来一定跟100年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place,且后面的定语从句中缺少主语,可用which或that引导;又因为前后两部分用逗号连接,所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句,故用which。
2.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建,34) A.who C.that 答案 D
解析 句意为:《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词指代前面的整个主句,在从句中作主语,且空格前有逗号,故用which来引导。 3.The number of smokers,________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
(2015·江苏,21)
A.it
B.which B.whom D.which B.where D.which
C.what 答案 D
D.as
解析 句意为:据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如……”,符合句意,故选D项。 考点归纳
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句,其先行词都可以是整个主句,指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
1.as意为“正如,像”。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。 The famous magician Liu Qian,as we all know,is from Taiwan. 众所周知,著名魔术师刘谦来自台湾。
As is often the case,girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩喜欢枪,这是常见的情况。
2.which引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时,可以用and this,and that代替,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。
He changed his mind again,which(=and this/that) made us all angry. 他又改变了主意,这使我们大家都生气了。
She tore up my photos,which (=and that) upset me. 她撕碎了我的照片,这使我很不安。 3.as有以下常见的“固定表达”:
as we all know 众所周知;as I can remember 正如我所记得的;as often happens 正如经常发生的那样;as we expect 正如我们预料的那样;as you see正如你所见;as was expected 正如预料的那样;as can be seen 看得出来;as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样;as has been said above 如上所述;as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样;as is often the case情况常常如此;as everybody can do正如人人都能做到的那样。 考点2 where引导的定语从句
1.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.(2015·天津,15) A.where C.when 答案 A
解析 句意为:该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围,这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为an easy atmosphere,且从句中缺少地点状语,故要用where。
2.Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain
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B.which D.who
experience for growth.(2014·福建,31) A.who C.which 答案 D
解析 关系副词where引导定语从句修饰先行词community activities,且在从句中作地点状语。
3.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏,22) A.which C.as 答案 D
解析 句意为:这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流,尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。本题先行词为work,表示一个抽象的地点名词;从句中不缺主语,也不缺宾语,因此可以排除关系代词,而选择可以作地点状语的关系副词where。 考点归纳
当先行词为position,case,point,stage,situation,condition等表示抽象地点的名词,且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时,常用where引导定语从句,此时where相当于under which,from which,意为“在这种情况下,从……中”。一些不是明显表示地点的名词作先行词时,也常用where引导定语从句。
He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013·江西,33)
他写了一封信,在信中,他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(2013·四川,9)
现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。 考点3 when引导的定语从句
1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,________ the weather may be better.
(2016·天津,9)
A.that C.which 答案 D
解析 句意为:我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语,故用when引导。
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B.when D.where
B.when D.where
B.where D.when
2.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.(2015·陕西,15) A.which C.whom 答案 D
解析 句意为:作为家里最小的孩子,亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为the time,表示时间,且从句中缺少状语,故用when引导。
3.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade,________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江,5) A.when C.which 答案 A
解析 句意为:直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人,当时我爬上树取下了一个挂在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词the fifth grade的进一步说明,when在从句中作时间状语。 考点归纳
关系副词when在定语从句中作状语,一般不能省略,可用“介词+which”替换。when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year等表示时间的名词。有时候when也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。 I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane. 我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。
She went to Japan two years ago,since when I haven’t heard from her. 她两年前去了日本,从那以后我就没有收到过她的来信。 考点4 whose引导的定语从句
1.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江苏,28) A.which C.whose 答案 C
解析 句意为:联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署,该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the World Food Programme与purposes之间为所属关系,故用whose作purpose的定语,因此选C项。
2.My eldest son,________ work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the
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B.where D.when
B.where D.why
B.its D.whom
moment.
(2017·天津,9)
A.that C.his 答案 B
解析 句意为:我的长子现在在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词,且与其后的名词有所属关系,故应用whose。 3.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016·北京,22) A.whose C.where 答案 A
解析 句意为:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple,由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系,故用关系代词whose。
4.The books on the desk,________ covers are shiny,are prizes for us.(2015·四川,3) A.which C.whose 答案 C
解析 句意为:桌面上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。本题考查非限制性定语从句的引导词,先行词the books和covers之间是所属关系,故选C。 考点归纳
whose一般指人,但有时也指物,在定语从句中作定语。指物时,“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of which”或“of which+限定词+名词”来代替。 Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent? 你认识那个日语非常优秀的姑娘吗?
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
=Please pass me the book the cover of which is green. 请递给我封面是绿色的那本书。
考点5 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future. A.on which C.to which 答案 C
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B.whose D.who
B.why D.which
B.what D.that
B.by which D.from which