1、形式一致
主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式 主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式 2、语意一致
谓语动词用单数的清况
1)当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时,把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt. Fifty minutes isn’t enough to finish this test. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.
2 以“-s”结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名,谓语动词用单数
以-ics结尾的名词指一门学科时,常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时,谓语动词则用复数形式。
这类单词有: economics经济学 electronics电子学 physics物理学 politics政治学 mathematics数学 statistics统计学 Roots was a novel about a slave family.
His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend. Politics is his favorite subject.
Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce. Statistics is a subject that is difficult to learn.
3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词,如:machinery(机械),clothing(衣服),luggage(行李),furniture(家具),equipment(设备),jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。如: My luggage was sent by air.
The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain. 4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语,谓语动词通常用单数: Playing with fire is dangerous.
注意: 若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句,表示两个不同的概念,则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式 Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit.
When and where the building will be built hasn’t been decided. 主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定
What she said is correct. What he gave me are five English books.
谓语动词用复数的情况
1)由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时,指的是复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如:
Fire and water do not agree.
注意 如果and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,则两个名词共用一个冠词,谓语动词必须用单数。
The teacher and writer is her friend.
2)有些集合名词.如:cattle,folk,people,police,poultry(家禽)等作主语,总是跟复数动词形式。
The people hope to live a happy life. The police have caught the criminal. Cattle feed on grass.
3) 表示成双成套的名词,如:trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
His black trousers are too long.他的黑裤子太长。
Your glasses are on your nose.
4)表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。 The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean.
Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America.
5)名词clothes,works(作“著作”讲),goods,contents,the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如:
Clothes keep people warm.
His works have been translated into several foreign languages.
注意:若表示“一套衣服”,可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。 若表示“一部作品”用a work,“两部作品”用two works。
谓语动词单复数由名词前面的词或词组决定的
1)由“some of,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,most of,the rest of,all of,half of,part of,the remainder of或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。
The rest of the lecture is dull.
Half of the apple is rotten.这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。 Half of the apples are rotten.这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。
About one third of the books are worth reading.大约三分之一的书值得一读。 Over 30% of the students were absent from the meeting.
2)由“a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等,以及由与kind意义相似的type,sort,form,part,piece,section等构成的类似短语作主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如:
A kind of birds has been discovered by them. Parts of the book are very instructive.
This kind of apples is expensive. Apples of this kind are expensive.
3)“more+复数名词+than one”结构谓语常用复数。
More members than one have protested against the plan.
4)不定代词“each,one,no one,some(any,no,every)+body(one或thing)”在句中作主语或作限定词时,谓语动词一律用单数形式
Each boy gets a prize.
Someone wants to buy the house. Each of the books costs five Yuan.
注意:each,all,both用作同位语时,谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致 We each have an English-Chinese dictionary.
由and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every,each,no,many a修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
Each teacher and (each) student was given a book. Every hour and (every) minute is important
Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much.
many a.../ more than one+名词作主语时, 谓语动词仍采取单数形式
Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose.
one and a half+复数名词”作主语时,其谓语要用单数形式
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
3、就近原则
or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but(also)...等连接的并列成分作主语时,根据就近一致的原则处理。离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数,就用单数;离谓语动词近的主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数。如:
Either the teacher or the students are to blame.
Not only the students but also their teacher doesn’t know about it. Neither you nor I know how to do it.
4、主谓一致的特殊情况 1)population表示“人口”,一个国家或地区的居民数目,它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。 当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,谓语动词用复数形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants.
2)集合名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有:army,audience,class,club,committee,company,crowd,family,group,government,organization,party,team等。 Our football team is playing well.
Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper.
3)a number of/a variety of/varieties of+可数名词复数; “the majority of+复数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
the number of(表数目)和the variety of(表种类)等+可数名词 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致 详解 超详细
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