class ;grass ;glass ;pass ;——（*例外：mass[?]）fast ;cast ;past ;last ;master ;
father ;path ;bath ;——(*例外：maths[?])
(二)元音字母e
1.重读开音节 [i:] me ;he ;she ;these ;evening 2.重读闭音节 [e] hen ;get ; set ;tell ;echo 3.非重读音节
[i] useless ;ticket ;basket ;pocket ;before ;below ; （三）元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节 [ai] China ; try ; my ; hi ; time ; guide ; 2.重读闭音节 [i] sit ; hit ; ill ; little ; system ; 3.非重读音节 [i] unit ;study (四)元音字母o
1.重读开音节 [?u] no ; so ; go ; home ; photo ; 2.重读闭音节 [?] not ; hot ; box ; fox ; cock ; cost ; 3.非重读音节 [?] purpose ; concern 4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均发[?]
son ; month ; come ; ton ; (*例外：Tom[?]) love ; dove ; glove ; above ; another mother ; brother ; become ; some
5.两个单词：woman[‘wu-m?n]女人（单数） ; women[‘wi-min]女人（复数）
（五）元音字母u
1.重读开音节 [ju:] pupil ; student ; use ; cube 2.重读闭音节 [?]或[u]
即：[?]——cut ; luck ; umbrella ; us [u]——put ; full ; pull
4. 非重读音节 [?] autumn ;August ; support ●元音字母组合的拼读规则 （一）元音字母a的字母组合
1.ai或ay在重读音节中 [ei] rain ; train ; brain ; pain
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day ; may ; play ; stay ; lay
*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei] Sunday ; Monday ; Tuesday ; Thursday ; Friday
2.al+绝大多数辅音字母 [?:] small ; wall ; call ; talk ; walk ；chalk或[?:l] also ; always *al后面是k时，只发[?:]
al+f或m时，al发[a:] half ; calm
-al在词尾非重读[（?）l] medal ; metal ; (例外canal运河，重音在后[?l])
3.-ance在重读时[a:ns] chance ; dance ; France 在非重读时[?ns] importance ；performance ；ambulance 4.-ant非重读[?nt] assistant ; important ；peasant
5.-ange一般[eind?] change ; danger ; strange ;(*但orange [ind?]) 6.-age 一般[id?] village; carriage ; marriage 7.-ask一般重读时[a:sk] ask ; mask ; task ;basket 8.-ass一般重读时[a:s] class ; glass ; grass ; pass ; (*但mass[?])
9.-ast一般重读时[a:st] last ; past ; fast ; cast -aste一般[eist] waste ; paste ; taste
10.-ath一般[a:θ] bath ; path ; (*但maths[?θ]) 或[a:e] father ; rather ; (*但gather[?e])
11.-au一般[?:] cause ; autumn ;August ; (*但because[?]) -augh(t) [?:(t)] caught ; taught ; daughter (*例外：laugh[la:f])
12.-aw [?:] draw ; saw ; law ; awful 13.a在字母w或wh后面，a发[?]
was ; wash ; want ; what ; (*但water[?:])
14.-ar 重读音时[a:] party ; car ; farm ; army ; yard ; hard ; star 在字母w或音[w]后面时 [?:] war ; warm ; warn ;towards ; *quarter 在非重读音时[-?] beggar ; dollar ; solar
15.-are一般[-ε?] hare ; bare ; dare ; stare ; rare ; care ; parent
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16.-air一般[-ε?] chair ; fair ; hair ; pair ; stair ; repair 17.-able 一般[eibl] able ; cable ; table ; stable (二)元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音，分别是下列：
-ea[i:] team ; meat ; lead ; teach ; read ; mean ; please ; steal -ea[e] threat ; bread ; meant ; read(过去式和过去分词) ; peasant -ea[i?] real ; really -ea[ei] great ; break
2.-ee[i:] feel ; week ; keep ; three ; steel ; street ; sweep ; see
*但是一个例外：coffee[i]
3.-eer[i?] deer ; pioneer ; engineer ; volunteer 4.-er重读音节[?:] her ; term ; service ; Germany 非重读[?] worker ; paper ; western ; teacher 特殊读法[a:] clerk 5.-ere [i?] here ; mere -ere 或者发[ε?] there ; where 6.-ear 有三种音，分别是：
-ear [i?] ear ; dear ; near ; clear ; tear (n.) ; beard -ear [?:] early ; earth ; learn ; heard -ear [a:] heart
* tear作为动词时，发[ε?] 7.-ei [ei] eight ; weigh ; weight -ei [ai] height -ei [i:] receive
8.-ey重读[ei] they ; hey ; survey -ey重读[i:] key
-ey非重读[i] monkey ; donkey ; valley ; volleyball *-et非重读[it] pocket ; ticket ; rocket 9.-ew 一般[ju:] new ; few ; knew -ew 或者发[u:] grew ; threw
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-ew还可以发[?u] sew 10.-ege [id?] college
11.-est [ist] biggest ; modest ; happiest; 12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d] lived ; studied -ed在清音后[t] worked ; finished -ed在字母t或d后[id] wanted ; needed （三）元音字母i或y的组合
1.-ie在重读音节中，或在辅音字母前，发[i:] field ; piece ; achieve -ie在词尾[ai] lie ; die ; tie
2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)] high ; night ; light ; bright 3.-ir在重读音节[?:] girl ; firm ; circle ; first ; third 4.-ire在重读音节[‘ai?] fire ; tired ; hire ; retired ; wire 5.-ild [aild] child ; wild
6.-ind [aind] find ; kind ; mind ; wind ; (*但window[ind]) 7.-ing [i?] king ; wing ; sing ; doing ; making
8.-(a)tion [(ei)?n] nation ; pronunciation ; information ；composition
-stion [t?n] question
-sion [?n]或[?n] mission使命 ; precision精密 9.-ye在词尾[ai] good-bye ; bye-bye 10.-ist[ist] list ; fist ; (四)元音字母o的组合
1.-oa在重音时[?u] boat ; coat ; road ; goat ; toad -oar在重音时[?:] blackboard ; aboard
2.-oi，-oy在重音时[?i] boiler ; point ; join ; oil
boy ; toy ; joy ; loyal
3.-oo一般[u:] soon ; too ; zoo ; room ; noon ; food ; mood ; boot ; moon
*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时，常发短音。 如classroom[u]…等等。
在字母k或有时在t，d之前时[u] cook ; look ; book ; took ; foot ;
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good ；
4.-or在重音时[?:] for ; horse ; important ; morning ; born -or在字母w后面[?:] work ; word ; world ; worse ; worth (*但是wore ,worn例外，均发[?:])
-or在非重音时[?] monitor ; doctor ; professor ; forget ;
forwards ; forgive ; conductor
5.-oar一般[?:] board ; aboard; blackboard 6.-oor一般[?:]或在美式英语里发[??] door ; floor -oor 还发[u?] poor
7.-ore在重音时[?:] snore ; more ; before ; foreign; forest 8.-ou一般[au] shout ; loud ; round ; found -ou还发[?] country ; countryside ；trouble -ou 还发[u:] wound ; wounded
9.-ough(t)发[?:(t)] ought ; brought ; bought ; fought ; thought (*例外：cough[k?f]) 10.-oe[?u] toe ; hoe ; Joe
11.-old[?uld] old ; hold ; cold ; told 12.-ost[?ust] post ; most ; host ; ghost (*例外cost[?st])
13.-our在重音时[au] sour ; our ; hour ; 还发[?:] four ; course ; pour 还发[u?] tour ; gourd
-our 在词尾(非重音)[?] colour ; neighbour ; favourite 14.-ow在重音时[au] now ; cow ; down ; how ; town
-ow在重音或非重音中[?u] low ; yellow ; below ; follow ; grow；tomorrow ; window ; widow ; know ; show （五）元音字母u的组合
1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均发[u] 如：full ; bull ; pull ; push ; bush
字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节，u发[u:] rule ; true ; blue ; June ．．．．2.-ue在词尾[ju:] argue ; continue
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48个国际音标及其常见用法
