(完整)高中状语从句讲解

语法专题复习（四）状语从句讲解

状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动

词、定语、状语或整个句子。 一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词

和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．I fell asleep when he was doing his exercises .他正作练习时我睡着了。（时间状语从句） 3．She always sings as she walks . 她总是一边走一边唱。（时间状语从句） 4．I waited until he had finished his work . 我等到他做完活。（时间状语从句）

5．It was not long before he told me about this affair . 不久，他就告诉我这件事。（时间状语从句）

6．He has worked very hard since he entered the factory 自从他进厂，工作一直很努力。（时间状语从句） 1． 时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

种类 时 间 状 语

从属连词 例 句 说 明 when whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a when指的是“某一具体letter. 的时间”。 当我进屋时，他正在写信。 We shall go there whenever we are free. whenever指的是“在任我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。 何一个不具体的时间”。 I was walking along the street when suddenly when意为“这时”或“在someone patted me on the shoulder from 那个时候”,可以看作是behind. 并列句,这种用法的我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我when分句一般位于句的肩膀。 末。 While it was raining, they went out. 天下雨的时候，他们出去了。 I stayed while he was away. 他不在的时候我在。 第 1 页 共 10 页

when while while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。

从 句 as before after till She always sings as she walks . 她总是一边走一边唱 Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，再做先生。 He arrived after the game started. 比赛开始后，他到了。 We waited till (until)he came back . 我们一直等到他回来。 as引导持续性动作，强 调主句和从句的动作同时发生。 before译为在…之前 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止” 时 间 状 语 从 句 until She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock . 如主句动词是瞬间动她到11点钟才停止工作。 词，常用否定式，表示Until he had passed out of sight, she stood “直…才”“在…以前there. 不”,从句放在句首表示她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 强调，一般用until Great changes have taken place in China since 状语从句在主句之前1978. 时一般用逗号与主句自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 分开，如从句在主句之As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to 后则不必用标点符号。 you.我一到上海就给你写信。 since as soon as hardly…wheI had hardly got home when it began to rain. hardly…when和no n 我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got sooner…than的意义相 home when it began to rain. 当于as soon as,但只表no No sooner had we got to the station than the 示过去发生的事情，主sooner…than train left. 句为过去完成时，从句 我们刚到车站，火车就走了。 为过去时，如hardly或Hardly had we begun when we were told to no sooner位于句首时stop. 语气强，而且主句的谓我们刚开始就被叫停。 语要用部分倒装。 every time, by Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick. the time, the 我每次乘船都晕船。 moment The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 等 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。 Next time you come ,you’ll see him. 下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。 2． 地点状语从句 常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

地 点

where wherever Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where there is water there is life. 第 2 页 共 10 页

where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书

状 语 从 句 哪里有水，哪里就有生命。 You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。 Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 面语。

3． 原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as, since

特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,

原 因 状 语 从 句 because I came back late yesterday because I was on because用来回答why duty. 的问题，语气最强一般昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 放在主句之后 Since everyone is here, let’s begin our since表示既然或全已知meeting. 的理由,稍加分析即可表既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 明的原因,多放句首 As he didn’t know much English, he looked 从句常放在句首，说明up the word in the dictionary . 原因，主句说明结果，由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个常用于口语中。 单词。 since as now that, Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can seeing (that), now that seeing that start our journey. 和since, as 意义相似，鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。 他们都有“鉴于某个事Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the 实”的意思，that可以省doctor. 去。 鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 4． 目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

目 的 状 语 that so that I shall write down your telephone number 目的状语从句中常用情that I may not forget. 态动词may (might) can 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 (could) ,should 等放在We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge 动词之前，从句往往放for yourself. 在主句之后，主从句之我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判间不用任何标点符号 断。 第 3 页 共 10 页

从 in order They worked harder than usual in order that 句 that they could finish the work ahead of time . 他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完 成工作。 lest = for Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) fear that you should catch cold. 多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。

5． 结果状语从句

常用引导词：so … that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

结 果 状 so that so…that We turned up the radio, so that everyone so that前有逗号为结果heard the news. 状语从句。 我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了so…that的so后面跟形新闻。 容词或副词。 He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word. 他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。 such…thHe gave such important reasons that he was such…that的such后面语 at excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大跟名词，如果名词是单 家的谅解。 数就要用such a 从 It is such an interesting novel that all of us /an…that还可以转换用 want to read it. so…that，语气较强 句 It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it. 这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 6． 条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless,

特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that

if 条 件 unless 状 Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid unless从句的谓语只能of them. 用肯定式。unless和如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。 if…not同义，unless是We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains. 书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。 除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。 = We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t 条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现rain. 第 4 页 共 10 页

So/As long as you work hard, you will 在时或过去时代替一般语 as/so long succeed. 将来时或过去将来时。 从 句 as in case so far as 只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。 In case I forget, please remind me about it . 万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。 So far as I know, the book will be published next month. 据我所知，那本书下月出版。

7． 让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

though 让 步 although 状 语 even if 从 even though 句

让 步 状 语

Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) 在句子中一般用了 “虽he began to learn French. 然”就不能再用“但是”虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。 （but）但可以与yet或We were not tired though (although) we had still连用。though / although意义相同，用 worked all day. 法基本一样，前者通俗，虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。 I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也要去。 even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。 as Child as he is , he knows a lot . as引出的状语从句多用虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。 于书面语，它比用 Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the though或although引导children play outdoors. 的从句，语气强，更有虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。 no matter Do it no matter what others say. no matter……与 (who, 不管别人怎么说,尽管干。 who-ever引导的让步状what No matter how busy he was, he studied 语从句意义基本一 样，when, English every day. no matter……引导的从where 不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。 句可是以位于主句前或第 5 页 共 10 页