考研英语阅读理解：克隆人和动物
\worth clonin g,\cramped confines of his lab at Texas A&MUniversity.
clo ning expert Mark Westhus in from the
\
of dollars
an in teresti ng choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spe nt millio ns
trying to clone a 13-year-old dog n amed Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two calves and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy later this year-or perhaps not for ano ther five years. It seems the reproductive system of man's best friend is one of the mysteries of moder n scie nee.
Westhusin's experienee with cloning animals leaves him vexed by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missyplicity project, using hun dreds upon hundreds of canine eggs, the A&Mteam has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the tran sfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the manyspontaneously aborted fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with huma ns. \credibly in efficie nt, and also dan gerous,\
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opport uni ty, with a n ice research since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusi n's pho ne at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing
busily. Cost is no obstacle for customers like
He's
a twin to carry
Missy's mysterious owner, who wishes to rema in unknown to protect his privacy. plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants on Missy s
fine qualities after she dies. But he knows her clone may not haveher
payoff.Ever
temperame nt. In a stateme nt of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are \
The fate of the dog samples will depe nd on Westhus in's work. He knows that eve n if he gets a dog viably preg nant, the offspri ng, should they survive, will face the problems show n at birth by other cloned ani mals: abno rmalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems. \ever want to clone huma ns,\ani mals yet?\words ]
6. Mr. Westhus in thinks cloning is dan gerous because __ . [A animals are tortured to death in the experiments [B] the public has expressed strong disapproval [C] too many lives are wasted for laboratory use [D] cloning becomes a quest only for profit
7. What is the problem confron ti ng the Missyplicity project? [A] The client holds a suspicious view toward it. [B] There is a lack of funds to support the research. [C] The owner is unwilling to disclose the information. [D] Cloning dogs is a difficult biological problem. 8. Which of the followi ng is true about ani mal cloning? [A] Few private cloning companies could afford it [B] Few people have realized its significanee. [C] An exact copy of a cat or bull can be made. [D] It is beco ming a prosperous in dustry.
[ 397
9. From the passage we can infer that ____ . [A] Mr. Westhus in is going to clone a dog soon [B] scientists are pessimistic about human cloning [C] human reproductive system has not been understood [D] rich people are only interested in cloning animals 10. Mr. Westhus in seems to believe that cloning _____ . [A] is stupid and should be abandoned [B] has been close to success [C] should be taken cautiously [D] is now in a dilemma 核心词汇
confines n.limits or borders
范围，界限； 边界 例：the confines of human knowledge
家庭生活的范围
人类的知识范围 / the confines of family life 超纲词汇 aborted a. *
①流产的②出问题的，出故障的
canine a. 犬的，犬科的
cramped a. 狭窄的，拥挤的 例：working in cramped conditions embryo n.胚胎 fetus n. 胎，胎儿
Missyplicity n. 这是个临时造的词，是三个部分的合成： duplicate 意为”复制”，ity为名词后缀 plop vi.&vt. （使）扑通一声落下
例：Can you plop some ice in my drink?
能在我的饮
Missy指文中提到的那条狗密斯，
在拥挤的环境里工作
料中放点冰块吗？ 文中是比喻用法，指”投入资金\
surrogate n. 代理，代理人，代用品vt.使代理，使代替；*surrogate mother 代理母体 veteri nary a. 兽医的 例: veteri nary medic in e/scie nee
兽医学
因孩子难管
vexed a.* ① 气恼的，烦恼的 例: the vexed parents of an unruly teenager
教而气恼的父母 ②（问题等）争论不休的，难于解决的 例：vexed question/issue 棘手的 问题 viably ad. ①可实施地，切实可行地 长难句分析
1. That's an in teresti ng
choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spe nt milli ons
of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog n amed Missy. 该句主干是 That's an interesting 后置定语，修饰前面的名词 在分词短语中，定语从句
choice of adjective 。现在分词短语 coming from... 做
which is ）comi ng from... ； a man。
*②能存活地，能生长发育地
choice，相当于一个定语从句（ who...也做后置定语，修饰先行词
2. He knows that even if he gets a dog viably preg nant, the offspri ng, should they
survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems.
该句主干是 He knows that... 。that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，且从句位于主句 之前，主句是 the offspring
will face the problems...
;从句是让步状语从句：
even if
he gets a dog viably pregnant ； should they survive 是个省略了 if 的条件状语从句， 为插入语，修饰主句。另外，主句的宾语 同位语。
语篇分析 本文题材涉及生物技术。作者从克隆动物这个角度间接论证克隆人的不可行性，主张应该慎 重对待克隆人研究。它是一篇观点论证型文章，按照 \提出观点 -论证观点 - 重申观点 \的脉络 展开论述，可分成三部分。
第一段为第一部分，提出观点：克隆人是不可行的。
引用专家 Mark Westhusin 和一位试图克隆其爱犬的富人的话( never met a human worth cloning ， a stupid endeavor )表达作者的观点。接着介绍 Mark Westhusin 所进行的克隆动 物的实验(two calves , a cat and a dog),并特别指出对狗的克隆难度 of modern science )。
第二、三段为第二部分,论证观点。
第二段：指出 Mark Westhusin 克隆动物的经验使他极力反对克隆人 (vexed by talking of
humancloning) 。首句是段落主题句。 段中详细介绍了一个克隆狗的项目 ( the Missyplicity project )中出现的状况： ①从成百上千的卵中只获得一打左右基因匹配的胚胎； ②转移到母 体时没有一个胚胎存活下来。从这些细节中可以推出,克隆是低效而且危险的。这在末句 \
得到了证实。该段最后还给出
(one of the mysteries
the problems后接有过去分词短语 shown...做后
the problems 的
置定语，相当于一个定义从句（that） are shown...;冒号后的名词短语做
了 Mark Westhusin 的观点：动物实验中的浪费现象在人的研究中不能被接受。因此,该段将 Mark Westhusin 反对克隆人的态度表露无疑。
第三段：分析指出, (虽然克隆是危险的)克隆狗仍然存在巨大的商机(
a commercial
opportunity )。首句是段落主题句,其中 even so 是转折标志词,表明该段与上一段在含义 上存在转折。该段描述了 \商机\的具体表现：电话频频响起( ringing busily )。接着分析存 在商机的原因：①以 Missy的主人为例指出，人们不惜花费巨资( cost is no obstacle;
plopped down $3.7 billion )；②同样以Missy的主人为例指出，客户与研究者能够达成共 识( both looking forward to studying the ways
)。
),然后引用专家 Mark
第四段为第三部分,重申观点：在克隆动物还远没有成功的情况下,克隆人是不可行的。 首先说明克隆狗存在的问题( face the problems shown at birth to clone humans )。 文章总体特点：
①开始和结尾都摆出了明确的观点，形成首尾呼应。②作者在文章中没有直接发表评论，而 是借他人之语表达自己的观点和评价。③虽然作者的最终目的是反对克隆人，但却通过论证 动物克隆技术的不成熟间接论证克隆人的不可行性。
试题命制分析 通过对文章的整体分析,我们可以从以下几个方面命题,考查考生的阅读理解能力。 1. 事实细节题
围绕狗 Missy 的细节： ①年龄 13岁； ②还没有被成功地克隆； ③克隆它的项目中已经使用了 成百上千的犬科动物的卵，但只获得了一打左右有匹配基因的胚胎；④其主人为克隆它已经 投入了 370万美元；⑤其克隆体并不一定有同样的脾气和秉性。
关于克隆狗的概括性事实：①狗的生殖系统是现代科学中的一个神秘领域；②它是低效而且 危险的；③具有很大的商机。
目前克隆动物存在的问题： ①存活几率低(none have survived );②有先天性疾病(problems shown at birth; abnormalities
)。
Westhusin 的话否认目前存在克隆人的可行性( not close to getting worked out in animals yet, why want
考研英语阅读理解：克隆人和动物
