上海市2016-2017学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）
（考试时间120分钟，分值150分）
II. Grammar
Direction: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Merriam-Webster defines a princess as a “member of a royal family”, “the wife of a prince” or “usually an attractive girl or woman who 21_________(treat) with special attention”.
Nowhere in that traditional definition 22________ the words “spunk”, “drive” or “determination” appear. And yet the latest Walt Disney animation Moana seems determined to redefine 23_________a princess is all about.
In Moana, Disney’s latest movie provides a positive spin on the princess spirit. The CG (Computer Graphics) -animated musical film follows 24________adventures of the headstrong teenage daughter of a Pacific Island chief and her struggles to find her identity.
25_________ the daughter of Chief Tui, Moana is expected to follow her village’s traditions and rules, including the one her father 26_________(emphasize) since she was an infant: “Don’t go beyond the reef.”
Unfortunately for Moana – 27_________name just happens to be the word for “ocean” in many Polynesian languages – she is drawn to the water, which she finds wondrous and exciting.
When the food supply for the island suddenly becomes depleted, Moana sets forth on a journey inspired by *ancestral tales of once-mighty *demigod Maui who may help her save her island home.
The story, 28_________(inspire) by the history and traditions of the Pacific, is a breath of fresh ocean air for everyone exhausted by the too-familiar princess-on-a-mission Disney trope. From birth, Moana is a respected part of her community, and her parents and grandmother are proud of who she is and the fact 29________ she will one day make a fantastic chief, just like her father and his father before him. There is no love interest for Moana – she doesn’t need one.
More importantly, 30________ mothers and fathers tell their daughters what it means to be a princess, the words “adventurous,” “*tenacious” and “compassionate” can now be added to the definition.
(B)
The “space race” took place between the United States and the former Soviet Union. Both countries competed to see which would be the first 31__________ (land) a person on the Moon.
Early space ventures were limited to satellites that orbited the planet Earth. The Soviets launched the world’s first satellite on October 4, 1957; Sputnik I orbited Earth more than a thousand times 32_________ it plunged back into the
planet’s atmosphere and burned up. The United States’ first satellite was Explorer 1, launched the following January.
In 1959, both the United States and the Soviet Union succeeded in achieving their goal of sending spacecraft called probes beyond Earth’s gravitational pull. The Soviet Luna 1, Launched on January 2, passed the Moon and 33_________(continue) through space. Two months later, the United States launched Pioneer 4, which followed the same path as Luna.34_________eventually entered orbit around the Sun.
The first person in space was Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. He orbited Earth in Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961. 35__________ (catch) up with Soviet Union in the race, the United States sent Alan Shepard into space in Freedom 7 on May 5, 1961. The following February, John Glenn became the first American to orbit Earth.
Over the next seven years, both the Americans and the Soviets sent many astronauts into space. The most famous was U.S. astronaut Neil Armstrong. 36_________, on July 20, 1969, because the first human to set foot on the Moon. The United States Apollo program lasted 37. __________ 1972; its missions carried out extensive research of the lunar surface and even brought back samples of moon rocks.
Also, in the history of space exploration men and women have been seen living on space stations, As for the U.S., 38________ (send) the first such station into space in Soviet Union in 1971 made it eager to have its own. Then, the first U.S. space station, skylab, 39.________(launch) in May 1973 and orbited for six years. Since the 1960s, both countries also have sent spacecraft to explore almost all the planets in the solar system. Atmospheric probes, surface landings, and flybys (近天体探测飞行) have produced photographs if and information about the surfaces, moons, and atmospheres of many planets. However, 40__________(not set) foot on any other planet before, astronauts as well as scientists are still devoted to space programs.
III. Vocabulary
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
Each year, the bright light of the Nobel Prize in literature falls across our cultural canvas and illuminates the work of a major writer.
While 41_________of previous years have gone to writers of prose, poetry and drama the Swedish Academy, which awards the prize, announced on Oct. 13 that American singer Bob Dylan, 75, was this year’s winner. However, the prize wasn’t given for his 2004 self-penned autobiography but “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.”
It is certainly a(n) 42________choice. According to Steve Johnson of the Chicago Tribune, arts awards have almost always exclusively had an inherent bias toward so-called “high culture”, a category 43________ not to include people who got their start singing in coffeehouses.
With that said, the Swedish Academy has made a bold 44________ to expand the definition of “literature”. It has, effect, opened the doors to popular culture, often 45_______ to as “low culture”.
We live in a world where people who read comic books, watch television shows, listen to podcasts and pop music, are often also those who enjoy poetry and opera. And the Nobel, in 46 __________ Dylan’s work as literature, acknowledges that artists create works of popular culture with just as much care, control, courage and 47________ as Ernest Hemingway did sitting down at his typewriter.
Dylan experts can battle over whether or not the singer indeed writes poetry- he was given the prize for his lyrics and music.
If music and lyrics count as literature, as plays have done, could not other forms? Could we, someday, see a Nobel in literature go to US TV producers David Simon, Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki, or even US singer Beyonce?
As Los Angeles Times pop music 48________ Robert Hilburn said about Dylan’s work: “He’s great cultural figure because of his words and his ideas.”
And for all the flash and bang of any performed art or filmed project, it’s the words that 49 _________, wrote Carolyn Kellogg of the Los Angeles Times.
American TV series Breaking Bad (2008-2013) didn’t exist without US actor Bryan Cranston’s brilliant performance--but he couldn't have gotten there without the words on the page.
Dylan’s Nobel says that words don't have to be bound within 50. ________ to be literature. It’s possible the Swedish Academy will back off its radical choice. But for now, literature is all around us. Read it, listen to it or watch it.
(B) A. fertilization B. restored C. surface D. contained AB. growth AC. bears AD. extinct BC. waste BD. float CD. determines ABC. consists
Most plants reproduce by forming seeds. Flowering plants usually produce seeds that are 51. __________ in fruits. The scientific name for such a plan is angiosperm (被子植物). The fruit covering makes seeds more likely to be scattered over a wide area by animals, wind, or water. A plant that grows in many area is less likely to become 52. ________ than one that grows in only one area. The fruit of an angiosperm is not necessarily something that people can eat. In this case, the word fruit simply refers to the mass of plant tissue that surrounds the send. Some angiosperm fruits are actually poisonous. Angiosperms depend on male and female flower parts to produce their seeds and fruits. At the center of the flower is the pistil, a female part that 53________ of a long column with a round base called an ovary (子房). Inside the ovary are the tiny ovules (胚珠) that become seeds if they are fertilized. 54__________occurs when pollen from a stamen, a male flower parts, joins the ovule inside the ovary. Pollen that reaches the tip of the pistil grows a long tube down into the ovary. Once pollen joins the ovule inside the ovary, a seed begins to form, the ovary becomes fruits, and the other flower parts wither and die. The form of a fruit 55__________ the manner in which seeds are scattered. For example, birds and other animals may eat soft, fleshy fruits, such as berries. These animals deposit the seeds in their 56_________, usually far from the parent plants. Some hard-shelled fruits that 57________- such as coconuts- are carried by water to
faraway regions. Some other types of fruits rely on the wind to scatter their seeds. The milkweed 58. _________ fruit in the form of dry seedpods that grow until they burst. Once the seedpods burst, hundreds of seeds, each attached to many light, silken threads, are carried off by the wind.
No matter how much angiosperm fruits and seeds may differ, each seed contains the same blueprint for 59. ________. Under the right conditions, the tiny embryo within the seed grows into a new plant. The embryo is made up of a root, a shoot, and one or two seed-leaves called cotyledons (子叶), which provide food for the sprouting plant. As the seed spouts, the root anchors the seeding in the earth, and the shoot grows up through the soil. As soon as the seeding penetrates the soil’s 60. _________, it begins to grow its first true leaves.
IV. Cloze.
Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrases that best fits the context.
What is a vegan? What is veganism?
Veganism is a type of vegetarian diet that ____61___meat, eggs, dairy products and all other animal-derived ingredients. Many vegans also do not eat foods that are ___62___using animal products, such as refined white sugar and some wines.
Vegan ___63___either a person who follows this was of eating, or the diet itself. That is, the word vegan can be an adjective used to describe a food item, as in, “ This curry is vegan”, or, it can be used as a noun, as in, “Vegans like cookie, too.”
Although there is some ___64___ as to whether certain foods, such as honey, fit into a vegan diet, if you are cooking for other vegans, it is best to be careful and ___65____these foods. Most vegans ___66___the definition of veganism to go beyond just food and will also avoid the use of all personal and household products tested on animals, and avoid ____67____and using all animal-derived non-food products, such as leather, fur and wool.
What do vegans eat?
This is perhaps the most common question about veganism. A vegan diet includes grains, beans, legumes, vegetables and ___68___and the nearly infinite number of foods made by combining them.
____69___, many vegan versions of familiar foods are available, so you can eat vegan hot dogs, ice cream, cheese and vegan mayonnaise along with the more familiar veggie burgers. Many foods are ____70____veganism, such as soy milk and tofu, but many non-vegans also enjoy tofu, and you certainly don’t have to like tofu in order to eat vegan.
Vegans also eat many of the same common and ____71___every day foods which just about every eats. ___72___, foods such as a vegetarian burrito without cheese or sour cream would be vegan, a vegetarian Thai curry made from coconut milk is vegan, pasta with tomato sauce or another non-meat and non-dairy sauce is vegan, and most breads are vegan.
How can I become vegan?
So you’ve decided to become vegan. But now what? Some people easily go from eating meat to vegan right away, while others struggle with their new ___73___, or choose to go vegetarian first and then ___74___omit eggs and dairy. There’s no right or wrong way to do it, but you may want to learn about what’s worked for other people. However you do it, keep your ____75___in mind and remember why you are choosing to adopt a vegan diet.
61. A. excludes B. includes C. involves D. favors 62. A. enjoyed B. consumed C. processed D. frozen
63. A. protests against B. refers to C. complains about D. searches for
64. A. analysis B. reason C. debate D. comment
65. A. cook B. choose C. test D. avoid 66. A. extend B. apply C. restrict D. offer
67. A. controlling B. purchasing C. distributing D. producing
68. A. eggs B. cheeses C. hot-dogs D. fruits 69. A. Otherwise B. However C. Besides D. Thus 70. A. separated from B. ignored by C. associated with D. limited to
71. A. cheap B. familiar C. delicious D. healthy
72. A. As a result B. For example C. In a sense D. In particular
73. A. joy B. service C. commitment D. trend 74. A. slowly B. accidentally C. essentially D. normally
75. A. goal B. request C. responsibility D. expense
V. Reading Comprehension Section A.
Directions: Read the following four passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms; yet they never take \action\generous subsidies (财政补贴) , which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other
上海市2016-2017学年高一英语下学期期中试题(含解析)
