TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE
6 October 2015
This year’s Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou （co-winner ），whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year，and about 600，000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria，and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.
Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on 30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated，she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients. In 1969，she became the head of the project in Beijing，and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts，and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties. From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However，Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again，and by chance，she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its
medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered. This medicine，which was called artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
According to Tu Youyou，the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me，and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.”
屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖
2015年10月6日
今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦（共同获奖者），她的研究导致了青蒿素的发现。这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新药物。青蒿素挽救了数十万人的生命，改善了数百万人的健康。全世界每年有2亿多人罹患疟疾，约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据信仅在非洲每年就能挽救10万人的生命。
屠呦呦，一位坚定而耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索疟疾新疗法为目标的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾更常见。1969年，她成为北京项目的负责人，并决定复阅中国古代医学文献，以寻找这种疾病的传统的植物疗法。她的团队查阅了2 000多本古老的医学文献，并对280 000种植物的药用性能进行了评估。在他们的研究中，他们发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代医疗方法，这些方法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。
一本四世纪的医学文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干艾叶，但没有发现效果。然后，他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不管用。他们的计划陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。她又分析了一遍医学文献，偶然发现了一句话，建议用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她的结论是，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的医学特性。她用较低的温度提取提取物，发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安
全的。后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分受试患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。
屠呦呦说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我的国家的全体人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科研和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。”
THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE
Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.
This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16，he tried to enter university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.
After two years of looking for work as a teacher，Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years，he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
新人教版选择性必修一Unit1课文及翻译
