学员编号： 年 级： 课 时 数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型 教学目标 T C阅读理解之主旨大意题和细节题 T 1、熟悉中考英语阅读理解的主旨大意题和细节题考题类型 2、能运用不同的方法应对两大考题。 星级 授课日期及时段 ★★★ 教学内容 C-专题 （建议1分钟） 中考英语阅读理解常见的考题主要是四大类型，主旨大意、 细节题、推断题、猜测词义。本专题分为两节，本节进行 主旨大意和细节题的解析。 （建议25分钟） 初中英语阅读理解解题技巧专训2 一、中考阅读理解目标要求表 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义； 能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； 能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； 能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； 能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
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6. 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。 二、题型技巧精讲 1.主旨大意题 主旨题所提问题主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要内容、标题、作者的态度、目的、文章的语气等。 我们首先要找出文章的主题句，通常可以在以下几个地方找到： (1)位于一段开头的段首句，演绎型文章的主题句通常能在段落的起始部分找到； (2)位于一段结尾的段末句，归纳型文章的主题句通常能在段落的终结部分找到； (3)若既不在段首，也不在段末，我们就应细心地在这段的中心部分去寻找； (4)有的主题句通过某种表达方式或修辞手段委婉、含蓄地提出来，这称为暗示句。这种暗示句通常难度较大，它可能不是一句完整的话而仅是一个词语，也可能是通过一些具有感情色彩的词语来表达的，还可能是通过字里行间来表达的。 主旨句的提问形式主要有： (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) What' s the main idea of the passage? (3) Which is the best title for the passage? You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the fist evacuation (撤离) of an island nation－the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland. During the 20th century, sea level rose 8-12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country’s drinking water. Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms. Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years,” Laupepa told the BBC. Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries. Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”. The text is mainly about __________. A. rapid changes in earth’s temperature B. bad effects of global warming C. moving of a country to a new place D. reasons for lowland flooding . 【答案】B 2
典型例题1 【讲解】分析文章内容，第一段说，由温度上升造成的海平面上升, 将会导致岛国的首先撤离——图瓦卢的人们 将离开他们的祖国。文章的最后一段说，图瓦卢不是唯一一个受海平面上升影响的国家，马尔代夫主席 Maumoon Gayoon告诉联合国，全球气温变暖使他们的国家成为311，000个受威胁国家之一。再结合中 间内容可知，B选项是正确答案。 有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也 不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说 是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。 Lions are opportunists．They prefer to eat without having to do too much work．When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on．If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves．A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down. The lionesses, being thinner and faster, are better hunters than the males．But the males don’t mind．After the kill they move in and take the rest share． Most kills are made at night or just before daybreak．We have seen many, many daytime attempts but only ten kills．Roughly, it’s about twenty daytime attempts for one kill. When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second．The kill is the exciting moment in the day-to-day life of the lion, since these great animals spend most of their time, about 20 hours a day, sleeping and resting. Lions are social cats, and when they are having a rest, they love to touch each other．After drinking at a water hole, a lion rests her head on another’s back．When walking, young lions often touch faces with older ones, an act of close ties among members of the group. What would be the best title for the text? A．Powerful Lions B．Lions at Work and Play C．Lions---Social Cats D．Lions----Skilled Hunters 【答案】B 【讲解】考查文章的主旨大意。纵观全文可知，文章主要提到了狮子的两个方面，即狮子的猎杀和嬉戏。所以正 确答案选择B选项。 解答选择有关文章标题的问题时，如果文章并未给出明确的中心，这就分析各段的段落大意，纵观全内 容，进行综合，选出最能代表文章主旨大意的选项答案。 另外，在理解文章的段落文意时，段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句；作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨；首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答可能是主旨；提出主旨时常伴有的文字提示：therefore，thus，but，in short等。 2. 细节理解题 在做阅读理解题时，除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外，还必须弄清楚文中的一些重要细节或事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占相当大一部分，涉及的内容很广，如时间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果、文字结构等。 细节题的提问形式常见的有: (1) According to the passage, when/ where/ what / who/ how/ why…? 3
典型例题2 (2) Which of the following statements is TRUE? (3) According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT… Younger people and older people do not always agree. They sometimes have different ideas about life, work and play. But in one special program in New York State, adults and teenagers live together in peace. Each summer 200 teenagers and 50 adults live together for eight weeks as members of a special work group. Everyone works several hours each day. The aim is not just to keep busy but rather to find meaning and enjoyment in work. Some teenagers work in the woods or on the farms near the village. Some learn to make furniture and to build houses. The adults teach them these skills. There are several free hours each day. Weekends are free, too. During the free hours some of the teenagers learn photography or painting. Others sit around talking and singing. Each teenager chooses his own way to spend his free time. When people live together, rules are always necessary. In this program the teenagers and the adults make the rules together. If someone breaks a rule, the problem goes before the whole group. The group discusses the problem. They ask, \ One of the teenagers has this to say about the experience: \think about the group. \ 1. When and where was the special program offered? A. Every summer in New York city. B. Every summer in New York state. C. Every winter in New York state. D. Every winter in New York city. 2. Which of the following is not stated directly in the passage as a purpose of the program? A. To find a way to solve the generation gap. B. To make the people there understand the meaning of work. C. To keep members of the group busy doing something. D. To help people find enjoyment in work. 1. 【答案】B 【讲解】文章的第一段交代了时间：each summer每年夏天和地点in New York state，在纽约。 2. 【答案】A 【讲解】下面哪一项是文章中没有作为该项活动的目的而直接说出的，答案是A，找到解决代沟问题的方法。因 为文章第一段交代：The aim is not just to keep busy but rather to find meaning and enjoyment in work.该项活 动的目的不仅是要让大家忙起来有事干，而是要发现工作的意义和乐趣。B、C、D三项都是正确的。 典型例题 典型例题 A rich woman lived near Dr Swift. She often sent him presents, delivered by her son. Dr Swift accepted her presents but never gave the boy anything for his trouble. One day as Swift was busy with his writing, the boy ran into his room, knocked some books out of their places, threw his bag on the desk and said, “My mother has sent you two of her hares (野兔).” Swift turned round and said, “My boy, that is not polite. Now you sit in my chair, watch and learn your lesson.” 4
The boy sat down. Swift went out, knocked at his door and waited. The boy said, “Come in.” Swift came in and walked to his desk and said, “My mother sends her kind regards and hopes you will accept these hares.” The boy answered “Thank you, my boy. Give your mother my thanks for her kindness and here are two shillings(先令) for yourself.” Dr Swift laughed, and after that, Swift never forgot to give the boy his tip. 1. Dr Swift gave the boy a lesson to teach him _____. A. how to deliver things politely B. how to ask for a tip politely D. how to speak to others politely C. how to accept a present politely 2. In the lesson the boy was clever enough _____. A. to learn everything Dr Swift taught him quickly B. to understand what Swift did and said C. to make Swift understand what he wanted D. to do everything as Swift told him 1. 【答案】 A 【讲解】从文中第三段中描写Dr Swift动作和语言的句子，可得知他想教男孩如何礼貌地送东西。 2. 【答案】C 【讲解】从文中的最后一段可知C项是正确答案。 细节理解题通常有两个共同特点： (1) 凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。 (2) 干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。 （建议10分钟） A The weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health. There are plenty of \them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great! But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine (咖啡因) in them. These drinks are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much. Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limited( 限制) its 5
初三中考英语阅读理解专题之主旨大意题和细节题讲义教案(含练习答案)
