第三章 不饱和烃
思考题
习题3.1 写出含有六个碳原子的烯烃和炔烃的构造异构体的构造式。其中含有六个碳原子的烯烃,哪些有顺反异构?写出其顺反异构体的构型式(结构式)。(P69)
解:C6H12有13个构造异构体,其中4个有顺反异构体:
CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH3(Z,E)CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3(Z,E)CH2=CCH2CH2CH3
CH2=CHCHCH2CH3CH3CH2=CHCH2CHCH3CH3
CH3CH3C=CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CH2=CHCCH3CH3C6H10有7个构造异构体:
CH3CH=CCH2CH3CH3(Z,E)CH3CH2=CCHCH3CH3CH3CCCH2CH2CH3CH3CH=CH2CHCH3CH3(Z,E)CH3CH2CH3CH2=CCH2CH3
CH3C=CCH3CH3CHCCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CCCH2CH3
CHCCHCH2CH3CH3CHCCH2CHCH3CH3CHCC(CH3)3CH3CCCHCH3CH3
习题3.2 用衍生物命名法或系统命名法命名下列各化合物:(P74)
(1) (CH3)2CHCH=CHCH(CH3)2 对称二异丙基乙烯 or 2,5-二甲基-3-己烯
(2)
(CH3)2CHCH2CH=CHCHCH2CH3CH312345612345678 2,6-二甲基-4-辛烯
(3) CHCHC32CCH2CH3 二乙基乙炔 or 3-己炔
(4) CHCHC(CH)C3232(5) CH=CHCHC22654325432CH 3,3-二甲基-1-戊炔
11234CH 1-戊烯-4-炔
15CH2CH2CH3(6) HCCC=CCH=CH2 3,4-二丙基-1,3-己二烯-5-炔
CH2CH2CH3CH3(7)
CH3 2,3-二甲基环己烯
CH3(8) 5,6-二甲基-1,3-环己二烯
CH3习题3.3 用Z,E-命名法命名下列各化合物:(P74)
Cl(1) ↑
HC=CCH2CH3ClC=CHCH3↑ (E)-2-氟-3-氯-2-戊烯 ↑ (Z)-1-氯-1-溴-1-丁烯
Br(2) ↓
CH3CH2C=CFCH2CH2CH3↓ (E)-3-乙基-2-己烯
(3) ↑
CH3CH3(4) ↓
CH2CH3C=CCH2CH2CH3↑ (E)-3-异丙基-2-己烯
HCH(CH3)2习题3.4 完成下列反应式:(P83)
lindlar催化剂HC=CC3H7H
(1) C3H7CCC3H7C3H7C3H7
(2)
C3H7CCC3H7Li , 液NH3HC=CC3H7H