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第九章 醇和酚
1. 命名下列化合物:
(1)2-乙基-1-己醇 (2)3-甲基-2-丁烯醇 (3)溴代对苯二酚 (4)5-氯-7-溴-2-萘酚 (5)(3R,4R)-4-甲基-5-苯基-1-戊烯-3-醇
2. 完成下列反应式:
Cl(1)Cl(2)CH3(3)CH2OH
HOCH2CH3(4)(5)OH(6)CH3OOCH3
CH3HBrHICH2CH3CH3HHCH2CH3(7)IBr(8)CCOOCH3OCH3
3. 用化学方法将下列混合物分离成单一组分。
OH(1)OHNaOHH2O水层H+苯酚油层环己醇
OHO2NNO2水层(2)O2NNO2CH3NO2NaHCO3H2OH+
2,4,6-三硝基苯酚油层2,4,6-三硝基甲苯NO2
4. 用简单的化学方法鉴别下列化合物。
先用FeCl3检验出苯酚,用Na检出溴苯,然后用Lucas试剂检验出伯、仲、叔醇。 5. 按与氢溴酸反应的活性顺序排列以下化合物。
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(6)>(4)>(1)>(3)>(5)>(2) 6. 按亲核性强弱排列下列负离子:
(1)>(4)>(3)>(2)>(6)>(5)>(7)
OHCOHOH7.CC2H5H+O+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5C2H5OH+C2H5H2OCC2H5H+C2H5OHOHCC6H5H+H2OOCC2H5C2H5O
OHC+C6H5H+C6H5C6H5C6H5C6H5
8. 写出下列反应可能的机理:
OH(1)CC2H5H++C2H5H2OC+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5C2H5C2H5+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5
OH(2)H+H2O++H+
(3)C2H5CHCH3OHH+H2OC2H5CHCH3++C2H5CH3H+C2H5CH3
OHOH(4)H+H2O+OHH+OH+O+NaBH4H+H2OOH+2
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(5)CH3OOHH+++CH3OCH3OH+CH3O+CH3OOH9. ACH3或OHCH3DCH3或OHCHCH3BOCH3或CH3ECH3或OCCH3OHCCH3CH3CCH3CH3OHFHOCH3CH3或OHOHCH3CH3HOCCH3CH3
10. 完成下列转化:
(1)CH2OHH2SO4Br2BrNaOH醇
(2)HOCH3H2SO4B2H6H2O2OH-CH3C2H5ONaOH及对映体HHCH3TsClOTsHHCH3醇CH3OCH3CCH2CH3
CH3H2OH+(3)OHPBr3Mg乙醚MgBrCOHCH2CH3
(4)(CH3)2NB2H6H2O2OH-SarrettCrO3.Py(CH3)2NOH(CH3)2NO
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