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有机化学醇和酚习题答案

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第九章 醇和酚

1. 命名下列化合物:

(1)2-乙基-1-己醇 (2)3-甲基-2-丁烯醇 (3)溴代对苯二酚 (4)5-氯-7-溴-2-萘酚 (5)(3R,4R)-4-甲基-5-苯基-1-戊烯-3-醇

2. 完成下列反应式:

Cl(1)Cl(2)CH3(3)CH2OH

HOCH2CH3(4)(5)OH(6)CH3OOCH3

CH3HBrHICH2CH3CH3HHCH2CH3(7)IBr(8)CCOOCH3OCH3

3. 用化学方法将下列混合物分离成单一组分。

OH(1)OHNaOHH2O水层H+苯酚油层环己醇

OHO2NNO2水层(2)O2NNO2CH3NO2NaHCO3H2OH+

2,4,6-三硝基苯酚油层2,4,6-三硝基甲苯NO2

4. 用简单的化学方法鉴别下列化合物。

先用FeCl3检验出苯酚,用Na检出溴苯,然后用Lucas试剂检验出伯、仲、叔醇。 5. 按与氢溴酸反应的活性顺序排列以下化合物。

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(6)>(4)>(1)>(3)>(5)>(2) 6. 按亲核性强弱排列下列负离子:

(1)>(4)>(3)>(2)>(6)>(5)>(7)

OHCOHOH7.CC2H5H+O+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5C2H5OH+C2H5H2OCC2H5H+C2H5OHOHCC6H5H+H2OOCC2H5C2H5O

OHC+C6H5H+C6H5C6H5C6H5C6H5

8. 写出下列反应可能的机理:

OH(1)CC2H5H++C2H5H2OC+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5C2H5C2H5+C2H5H+C2H5C2H5

OH(2)H+H2O++H+

(3)C2H5CHCH3OHH+H2OC2H5CHCH3++C2H5CH3H+C2H5CH3

OHOH(4)H+H2O+OHH+OH+O+NaBH4H+H2OOH+2

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(5)CH3OOHH+++CH3OCH3OH+CH3O+CH3OOH9. ACH3或OHCH3DCH3或OHCHCH3BOCH3或CH3ECH3或OCCH3OHCCH3CH3CCH3CH3OHFHOCH3CH3或OHOHCH3CH3HOCCH3CH3

10. 完成下列转化:

(1)CH2OHH2SO4Br2BrNaOH醇

(2)HOCH3H2SO4B2H6H2O2OH-CH3C2H5ONaOH及对映体HHCH3TsClOTsHHCH3醇CH3OCH3CCH2CH3

CH3H2OH+(3)OHPBr3Mg乙醚MgBrCOHCH2CH3

(4)(CH3)2NB2H6H2O2OH-SarrettCrO3.Py(CH3)2NOH(CH3)2NO

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