课时作业19 语法填空专练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1
Chinese researchers have planned to build an airport in Antarctica in November. The Chinese __1__ (be) not very used to flying to the southernmost continent because the country's first polar plane, the Snow Eagle 601, __2__ (put) into use only three years ago.
Before the Snow Eagle 601, Chinese researchers traveled to the ice-covered land by ship, which took significantly __3__ (long) than flying. There are currently more than 20 airports in Antarctica, but none of them belong to China. The Snow Eagle 601 has to rely on Russian airports __4__ (take) off and land. That's __5__ the Chinese researchers decided to build their own. Building an airport in Antarctica is very different from building one elsewhere. The continent is covered by a __6__ (constant) moving layer of ice, so the builders must find somewhere that moves at the slowest possible pace and in a __7__ (fix) direction.
The builders managed to find a spot back in early 2017 following __8__ tough measuring process that took place in the storm-like polar winds. The next problem is the snow. The soft nature of snow makes __9__ a bad material for a runway. So the builders must use road roller-like __10__ (machine) to press the snow, which can be very time-consuming in extreme coldness.
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述的是中国研究人员计划在南极洲建造一座机场的有关事宜。
1．are
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国人不太习惯飞往最南端的大陆。这里在说一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时态，且主语是The Chinese，复数形式，故答案为are。
2．was_put
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：该国第一架极地飞机“雪鹰601”仅在三年前投入使用。此处句子主语是第三人称单数形式，与谓语动词put之间是一种被动关系，再根据three years ago可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was put。
3．longer
解析：考查比较级。根据than可知此空用比较级，故答案为longer。 4．to_take
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：雪鹰601必须依靠俄罗斯机场起飞和降落。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为to take。
5．why
解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么中国的研究人员决定建造一个属于自己国家的飞机场的原因。结合句意可知此处是why引导的表语从句，故答案为why。
6．constantly
解析：考查词性转换。此处moving是形容词，意思是“移动的”，所以由副词来修饰形容词，故答案为constantly。
7．fixed
解析：考查形容词。句意：因此，建造者必须找到一个移动速度尽可能慢、方向固定的地方。fixed“固定的”，故答案为fixed。
8．a
解析：考查不定冠词。句意：2017年初，在经历了一个艰难的测量过程后，建造者们成功找到了一个地点，测量过程是在风暴般的极地风中进行的。结合句意可知答案为a。
9．it
解析：考查it的用法。句意：雪的柔软性质使它不适合作为跑道的材料。此处用it指代前面提到的snow。故答案为it。
10．machines
解析：考查名词复数。句意：因此，建筑工人必须使用像滚轴一样的机器来压雪，这在极端寒冷的环境中是非常耗时的。结合句意可知machine用复数形式，故答案为machines。
2
Worldwide, each person 15 years and older consumes 13.5 grams of pure alcohol per day, according to the World Health Organization. __1__ (consider) that nearly half of the world doesn't drink at all, that leaves the other half drinking up their share.
Alcohol can have __2__ significant effect on your good looks. First, it dehydrates (使脱水) you. That can leave your skin looking parched and wrinkled. It's also __3__ (link) to rosacea, a skin condition causing redness and swelling on your face.
While you're drinking, your liver (肝脏) __4__ (process) a single drink, which is on average an hour but varying for everyone; some of it leaves your body via your breath and sweat.
Another reason __5__ drinking can affect your looks has to do with sleep. __6__ even a little bit of alcohol can help you fall asleep __7__ (rapid), as the alcohol leaves the body, you may suffer the “rebound effect”. Instead of staying asleep, the body enters lighter sleep and wakefulness, which appears to get __8__ (bad) if one drinks more. A lack of sleep leads to dark circles, puffy eyes and stress. Keep it up and you're likely __9__ (see) more signs of aging and a much lower __10__ (satisfy) with your appearance.
So the next time you head to the pub for a tipple or two, remember: You could be paying a price for all that fun.
本文是一篇说明文。有人认为少量饮酒有益于健康，但是最近的研究发现，即使是少量饮酒，你也要付出一定的健康代价。
1．Considering
解析：考查介词。句意：考虑到世界上近一半的人根本不喝酒，剩下的一半人喝光了他们的那份。considering为介词，意为“考虑到；鉴于”，故填Considering。
2．a
解析：考查冠词。句意：酒精对你的美貌有很大的影响。have an effect表示“对……有影响”，effect前有以辅音音素开头的significant修饰，故填a。
3．linked
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：它也与酒糟鼻有关。be linked to表示“与……有关”，故填linked。
4．is_processing
解析：考查时态。句意：当你喝酒时，你的肝脏在处理每一口酒。根据“While you're drinking”可知，主句应使用现在进行时，表示两个动作同时发生，故填is processing。
5．why
解析：考查定语从句。句意：喝酒会影响容貌的另一个原因与睡眠有关。reason作先行词且关系词在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
6．Although/Though/While
解析：考查状语从句。句意：即使一点点酒精能帮助你快速入睡，当酒精离开你的身体时，你可能会受到反弹效应。根据句意可知主句与从句之间为让步关系，故填Although/Though/While。
7．rapidly
解析：考查副词。句意参考上题解析，修饰动词短语fall asleep用副词，故填rapidly。 8．worse
解析：考查形容词。句意：如果酒喝得更多，情况会变得更糟。根据本空后的“if one drinks more”可知此处应用形容词比较级，故填worse。
9．to_see
解析：考查不定式。句意：你可能会看到更多的衰老迹象，对你外表的满意度会低很多。be likely to do sth.表示“可能做某事”，故填to see。
10．satisfaction
解析：考查名词。句意参考上题解析，根据前面的冠词a与形容词lower可知，此处应用名词，故填satisfaction。
3
A CCTV journalist succeeded in arousing a heated discussion among netizens by asking people whether they were happy. The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones __1__ (include). Although people played jokes __2__ the answers, it did not take long __3__ they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness.
It is certain that people's views on happiness __4__ (affect) greatly by their own life experience. Unfortunately, too many people refer to being rich as happiness and there is no sign of __5__ decrease in the number of those who are voluntarily at the mercy of wealth. Some people whose __6__ (intend) is to make big money
appreciate __7__ (be) given any chance to multiply their income, believing that is __8__ their happiness lies. Some are eager to inherit their parents' property, especially those who are known as silver-spoon kids. Even worse, some would rather break the law to satisfy their financial desire or seek their fortune __9__ (legally)．
In my opinion, happiness is not about pursuing wealth merely but about admiring the beautiful things in life. Therefore, live your life __10__ the fullest and be happy.
本文是一篇记叙文。幸福不应该建立在金钱的基础上。 1．included
解析：考查非谓语。此处include 和ones之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式表示被包括。故答案为included。
2．on
解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：play jokes on“跟……开玩笑”。故答案为on。 3．before
解析：考查连词。考查固定句型it did not take long before...不久之后就……。故答案为before。
4．are_affected
解析：考查被动语态。people's views和affect之间是被动关系。人们的观点受到他们经历的影响。故答案为are affected。
5．a
解析：考查不定冠词。句意：不幸的是，太多的人把富有看作是幸福，并且那些自愿接受财富摆布的人也没有减少的迹象。结合句意可知答案为a。
6．intention
解析：考查名词。whose在定语从句中意思是“……的”，后面需接名词形式，故答案为intention。
7．being
解析：考查固定结构。动词appreciate后面跟doing作宾语，故答案为being。 8．where
解析：考查连接词。句意：相信这就是他们幸福的所在。分析句式可知，此处是表语从句，从句中lie并不缺宾语，所以用where作状语。故答案为where。
9．illegally
解析：考查副词。此处修饰seek their fortune需用副词形式，根据语境可知此处是非法获得财富。故答案为illegally。
10．to
解析：考查固定结构。live your life to the fullest充分享受你的生活。故答案为to。
4
The university of Birmingham, UK, announced that it would accept the Gaokao exam
for high-flying Chinese students __1__ (wish) to join its undergraduate courses in 2019. High school students __2__ complete the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or Gaokao, with top grades can apply for direct entry into Birmingham degree programmes __3__ first completing a foundation year.
Gaokao, which __4__ (hold) across China in early June, is __5__ (increase)
accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe. Birmingham will only be considering high quality students who achieve a minimum 80%
Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language __6__ (require)．
Professor Jon Frampton, Director of the University of Birmingham's China Institute said, “I am __7__ (delight) that the university is now accepting the
Gaokao. This gives the __8__ (bright)and best Chinese students __9__ opportunity
to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a __10__ (globe) Top 100 university.”
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是关于中国高考的成绩被国外部分大学认可的有关事宜。
1．wishing
解析：考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：英国伯明翰大学宣布，2019年将接受中国优秀学生的高考成绩。此处是现在分词作后置定语，修饰学生，表示希望在伯明翰接受本科教育的学生，学生与希望是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故答案为wishing。
2．who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无须先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。此处High school students是先行词，指人，空处在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。
3．without
解析：考查介词。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无须先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。介词without后面跟动名词作宾语，结合句意可知答案为without。
4．is_held
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲大陆的大学所接受。此处指目前的一种客观事实，且定语从句的主语which(Gaokao)和hold之间是一种被动关系，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为is held。
5．increasingly
解析：考查词性转换。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲大陆的大学所接受。此处accepted是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为increasingly。
6．requirements
2021学年新教材高中英语语法填空专练课时作业含解析外研版必修第三册
