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新概念英语第三册笔记第53课上课教案

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Lesson 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益

New words and expression 生词和短语

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里 In the public interest为了公众的利益

Interest n. 兴趣,爱好;利息;利益;趣味 vt. 使……感兴趣;引起……的关心

In one’s own interest为了某人自己的好处 In the best interest of对…有最大的利益/好处

Evolve [??v?lv] v. 逐渐形成

1、vi 进化 2、vt&vi使…逐步发展; 逐步发展 evolve into vt. 发展成,进化成

evolve from v. 由…进化, 演化 --Man has evolved from the ape(类人猿).

= develop gradually -- He has developed /evolved a new system for running the factory. evolve a system for doing sth 形成了发展了一套…的体系

evolution n. 发展,演变;进化 --The evolution isn’t unexpected.

revolution 革命,重大变革 reform v. 改革,革新;重组;(使)改过自新; n. 改革,改良;改正 -ism / socialism / evolutionism / evolutionist / evolutional

evolutionism n.进化论 evolutionist n.进化论者 evolutional a.发展的,进化的 resolve / resolve to do sth / resolution / revolve resolve v. 下决心 resolution n.解决 resolve to do sth 下定决心做某事 revolve v.旋转,转动

--The earth is round ,and every day and night it is revolving.

involve v. (使)卷入,牵涉,包含 involve / be involved in --He is involved in the case.

High-handed ['ha?'h?nd?d] adj. 专横的;高压的 high-handed 霸道的 ; 不容分说的

High-handed rule 高压统治 high-handed measures 高压手段 high-handed tactics 高压战术

High-class 极好的,上流社会的 high-end 高档的 high-performance高性能的 high-minded高尚的

Incompetent [?n?k?mp?t?nt] a 不够格的,不称职的

competent : having ability / qualification to do sth.有资格去做某事 (有能力的,能胜任的) competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。 如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)

able 为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,一般与效率无关,用作定语表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)

capable 指满足一般要求的能力,可以是表现出来的,也可是潜在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定语,表示的能力没有able表示的能力强。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分钟内跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。) be competent to do sth.. be competent for sth..

=qualified / fit 都可以用介词for和to do --He is competent / qualified / fit for the job. incompetent / unfit 同样介词也用for

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competent : sufficient / enough adequate 足够的

--He has a competent knowledge of French. --He is competent to teach the language.

Competence 能力,胜任力 正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求。 core competence 核心竞争力;核心才能 communicative competence 交际能力 professional competence 专业技能 language competence 语言表达能力 competence / qualification for / to

--He has the ability to do the job.他有能力做这项工作 --He has the capability / capacity of doing the job. competence 侧重点在于能够胜任

--He has the competence to do / for the job. 最好的解释是qualification

over-zealously ['ouv? 'zel?sli] adv.过分热情地

zeal [zi?l]热诚,激情 ((尤指对工作、宗教或政治的) 热衷) for/in zealous [?zel?s] adj. 热心的,热情的 ((尤指对政治或宗教理想) 热衷的) zealously ['zel?sli] 副词

over-zealous adj. 过分热心的

zealous 指对所从事的事表现出的高度热情和积极性。

enthusiastic 指对参与某项活动或对感兴趣的计划或决定表现出的毫无保留的热切心情。

safeguard v./n.保护,保卫 (比protect正式,书面语或严肃大的场合下) ~ sth/sb from/against

n、安全条例; 防护措施 A safeguard is a law, rule, or measure intended to prevent sb or sth from being harmed safeguard mechanism 保障机制 safeguard against 防范;预防

protect v.保护 --We must safeguard our motherland. --Keeping clean is a safeguard against disease. safeguard / guard. 保安 --We need several safeguards. Bodyguard 保镖 escort [?esk??t] 护卫 guard 守卫 safeguard / protect our eyes.

shelter 通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。 guard 普通用词,指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。 harbour 贬义词,指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。

safeguard 语气强,指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。

defend 普通用词,指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害,消除危险。用作比喻时,指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。

shield 语气比protect强,但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。 protect 普通用词,指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。

Parliamentary [?pɑ?l??mentri] 国会的 美国是congressional议会的;国会的 parliamentary system 议会制;议会政体(等于parliamentary government) parliamentary democracy 议会民主制 parliamentary election议会选举 parliament [?pɑ?l?m?nt] 国会,议会

parliament 指英国或加拿大等由上议院和下议院构成的国家立法机关。通常用大写形式。 congress 多用于美国的立法机构,即参议院和众议院。也可指代表大会。

Legislation n立法(正式);法规(具体) legislate [?led??sle?t] vt. 用立法规定;通过立法 Amendment n 修正案 amend vt. 修改;改善,改进 mend 修补,修理

Qualified 合格的 (有资格的)

qualify vt. 限定,修饰;使具有资格;证明…合格 vi. 取得资格,有资格

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be qualified for 有担任…的资格 qualified personnel 人才;合格人员

qualified teachers 师资;百分百合格师资 qualified candidate 合格的候选人;合资格人员

academic qualification学历资格 a medical qualification医师执照 qualification certificate 资格证书 driver’s license驾驶执照 export permit出口证 qualifying match资格赛 证明书;结业证书 certify 证明,保证 prove

qualification 资格,能力,资质 (n.资格,执照,能力)

grievance [?ɡri?v?ns] n.不平,冤屈 (委屈; 不满) 八级 air one’s grievance 诉说

If you have a grievance about sth that has happened or been done, you believe that it was unfair. 委屈; 不满 n. 不满,不平;委屈;冤情 dissatisfaction , complaint grief n.极度的悲伤 in grief --I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight because I have to comfort my friend in grief.

grieve [ɡri?v] v.: cause grief to 使悲伤,是伤心 --It grieves me to see him in such bad health. grieve for / about / over 为什么而悲伤 it grieves me…..常用

justiteombudsman n. (瑞典的)司法特派员

Ombudsman [??mb?dzm?n] (瑞典和英国的)司法特派员 (政府处理民众诉愿的官员)

a government official whose job is to examine and report on complaints made by ordinary people about the government or public authorities

(调查公众对政府或公共机构投诉的) 调查官、申诉专员、监察专员

secretive [?si?kr?t?v] adj. 保密的 (八级 藏而不露的; 讳莫如深的) be ~ (about sth)(思想、情感等)不外露的;惯于掩藏自己的;有城府的 secretive letters保密的信件

secret 是就事论事 secretive 是针对习惯和性格,而不是一件事情

correspondence n.来往信件(可数);(通信(不可数)) keep~ with be in~ with Someone's correspondence is the letters that they receive or send. 信件 keep up correspondence with 保持通信联系 --keep in touch with sb. by writing letters

--We keep up correspondence recently for several years. by / through correspondence =by writing letters correspondence school 函授学校 correspondence course 函授课程 correspondence : agreement / similarity 相似,一致,和…相符 in correspondence with sb./sth 与…相一致;与某人有通信 bring sth. into correspondence with sth 使某事与另一事相一致 correspondence between A and B --We must bring your idea into correspondence with mine. correspondent n. 通讯员,通信者

correspond [?k??r??spɑ?nd] 1、V If one thing corresponds to another, there is a close similarity or connection between them. You can also say that two things correspond. 相一致; 相对应

2、V If you correspond with someone, you write letters to them. You can also say that two people correspond. 通信

3、corresponding ADJ 相应的 [ADJ n]

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alter vt .改变 : change in character, appearance etc. partly --The shirt must be altered .It is too large.

change 作及物动词时,则是对本质的,全面的,彻底的改变。如:Can you change the dress?(你能给我更换这件衣服吗?)

alter 作及物动词时,是对局部,表面的改变。如:Can you alter the dress? (你会改做这件衣服吗?) change v.完全,彻底的变化,往往指以新代旧 --Great changes have taken place in our country.

convert v.改变,转变 (态度/信仰等)(含有\使某人改变观点\的意思。)

--He converted to Buddhism. 他改信佛教了。 --The new house is converted from an old one.

transform v. 改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变,尤其指物理能量或电压的改变

transformer 变压器 --We can transform one form of energy into another.

vary v.改变(强调事物在不同时间\\条件\\状况下的变化,强调多样化),随着什么而变化 --Customs vary with the times.风俗随时代而变化。 turn =change

accusation [??kju?ze??n] 谴责,指控 (指责,指控) the ~ of 介词用of“关于什么的”或against“对谁的” 常和“匿名的”连用 anonymous accusation匿名指控

condemn [k?n?dem] v. 强烈谴责(非常正式的用语,eg:国家之间)condemn the brutal and savage crime condemn sth as condemn the war as a crime 指责战争为犯罪

accuse v 控告,指控 be accused of accused n被告 accuser n原告;控告者;指责者 sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.

accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness. charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.

Prosecute 对…提起公诉; 提起公诉;(原告律师) 起诉 prosecutor 检察官;公诉人;[法] 起诉人

ascertain [??s??te?n] v.查出,查明((尤指经过努力) 查明 [正式])

=find out / get to know / make certain / make sure

--Let us ascertain when we will hold the party.

detect vt. 察觉;发现;探测 正式用词,强调经过周密观察或研究而有所获得和发现,尤指发现有意隐藏之物。

discover 普通用词,指发现本来存在,但示被认识的事物、真理或情况。 ascertain 较正式用词,指有意搜寻与发现。

find 普通用词,可指偶然发现,也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西。强调动作的结果。

prejudiced [?pred??d?st] a.有偏见的,不公平的 be ~ against sb/sth 对…有偏见/成见

prejudice [?pred?ud?s] n. 偏见,成见 pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见 discrimination 歧视,区别对待;鉴赏力,辨识力

prompt adj. 即时的

prompt / swift / rapid / speedy / hasty

Text 课文

The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies.

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斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策,受到全世界的推崇。[?sk?nd??ne?vi?n] Peninsula [p??n?nsj?l?] n. 半岛

Balkan [?b??lk?n] adj. 巴尔干半岛的,巴尔干山脉的;巴尔干人的

Apennine Peninsula ['?p?,nain] 亚平宁半岛 Iberian Peninsula [a??b??ri?n]利比里亚半岛 for : because of

be admired for 因为…而受到羡慕钦佩。 --He is admired by us for his humor. Worldwide 全世界范围内

Enlightened a.开明的 (开明的 [表赞许]) (文明的;进步的;被启发的) treating people in kind and sensible way and understanding their needs and problems

enlightened opinions开明的观点 enlightened slaveholder enlightened society enlightened policy enlightening a 有启迪作用的

enlighten vt. 启发,启蒙;教导,开导(正式用词)普通用词 inspire enlightenment movement启蒙运动

Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or incompetent public officers. 在瑞典,已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。 Finland [?f?nl?nd] Norway [?n??we?] Denmark [?denmɑ?k]丹麦 welfare state 福利国家

Finnish adj. 芬兰的,芬兰语的n. 芬兰人,芬兰语 Norwegian Dane 丹麦人 Dansk丹麦语 evolve a system for doing sth.. 形成了发展了一套…的体系 protect 可用safeguard from 替换,更加正规。

--I can’t conceal my amusement. 我不能掩饰我幸灾乐祸的心情。 --Your excitement is beyond me. 你的激动的心情是我难以理解的。 (严复:信 达 雅)所以原文要把迫害欺压的字眼翻译出来。 evolve an excellent system for doing sth..

individual adj. 个人的;个别的; n. 个人,个体(强调单个)

The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too. 由于这种制度行之有效,已被其他国家采纳。 has worked so well : workable切实可行的

adopt / adapt ( 四级辨析 ) adopt 采纳 adapt 改编,以适应 adopt 1、vt 采纳,采用 n adoption 2、vt 收养,领养 n adoption

The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. 是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。

Swede 瑞典人 official [??f??l] adj. 官方的;正式的;公务的 n. 官员;公务员;高级职员 unsuitable mistakes 很不合情理的错误 were the first / second / last / only to do sth.

public officials : publics officers 政府工作人员

can make mistakes can在这里是完全的概率而言,存在可能性

in the belief that : believe in 都是介词短语或分词结构在这里做状语,它们和make, act相搭配。 --He turned to me for help because he believed that I could help him.(书面语就不要用) --He turned to me for help in the belief that I could lend him a hand.

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新概念英语第三册笔记第53课上课教案

Lesson53Inthepublicinterest为了公众的利益Newwordsandexpression生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里Inthepublicinterest为了公众的利益Interestn.兴趣,爱
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