第六讲 情态动词专项练习题 教师版 教学目标：复习掌握七年级及八年级上册所学情态动词 教学过程
温故知新，单选
( )1.-- May I ask you _______ questions? –Sure. Go on. A.some B. any C. much D. few.
( )2. –Must we clean the classroom at once? --No, you _______. You may do it after school. A. mustn’t B. don’t C. needn’t D. don’t have.
( )3.—May I take the book out of the library, Miss Li? --_________.
A. You may not B. No, you mustn’t C. I’m afraid not D. No, you can’t. ( )4. You ________ wash your hands before meals. It is good for your health. A. may B.can C. must D. need
( )5. Today is Sunday. He ______ get up early, because he doesn’t go to school. A. doesn’t have to B. didn’t have to C. won’t have to D. have to\\ 答案：1-5ACDCA 归纳拓展：
（一）情态动词的定义
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 （二）情态动词的特点
1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。 （三）情态动词的基本用法 1. can (could)
1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。
Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至—60℃，也就是零下60℃。
He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3）表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2. may (might)
1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。
They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3. Collecting stamps must be great fun!集邮肯定很有趣！
我们平时说话总会用到―必须；必要；应该；一定‖等字眼，其实，在英语中这些意思绝大多数由must一词来担当。 must拥有情态动词家族的共性：无人称和数的变化，也无时态变化。作谓语时一律用―must +动词原形‖结构。 （1）1）表示义务。意为―必须‖（主观意志）。
We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 I _must_____ __study____ hard. 我必须努力学习。
（2）表示要求某人必须做某事时，主语用其它人称。例如：
You must wait in line. 你必须排队等候。
（3）表示揣测。意为―想必、准是、一定‖等 。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。
在肯定句中，must可以表推测，语气要比may肯定得多。must表示对某事把握很大的推测，只能用于肯定句，意为―想必；准是；很可能‖； must be表示―必定……无误‖。当表示对现在的情况进行推测时，must后也接动词原形或动词的现在分词。当情态动词may与be连用，表示推测时，其肯定程度比must要小得多。在否定句型表示推测的含义时不用mustn't而用 can't。例如：
She __must____ __be____our new Chinese teacher.她一定是我们的新的语文老师。 The door is closed. He can't be at home. 门关着，他一定不在家。 注意：must的变脸：
（1）must的否定式是在must后面加上not，常缩写成mustn't，意思是―决不可；千万不能； 务必不要；禁止‖。在对May I ...?作否定回答时用No， you mustn't / can't。 例如 ： You mustn’t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。
You __mustn’t_______ tell her this news. 你绝不能（千万不要）告诉她这消息。 You _must_______ _never_____smoke her.e你绝不能在这儿抽烟。
（2）must的疑问式是将must提在主语前。must用在问句中作―必须‖解，这时要注意肯定与否定回答时的用语。其肯定简略答语是Yes，主语+ must。若是否定回答，则是No，主语+needn't或don't have to。
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn’t）例如： —Must I finish my homework today? 今天我必须完成我的作业吗？
—No，you _needn’t_____ / Yes， you_must_____. 不必。/ 对，你必须完成。 4.shall
1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？ What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？
2）表说话人的意愿，有―命令、允诺、警告、决心‖等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心） 5. will
1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。 2）表请求，用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。 6. should
1）表义务。意为―应该‖（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 2）表推测，意为―想必一定、照说应该、估计‖等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 7.would
1）表意愿。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。 I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
They wouldn’t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。
8. I used to listen to rock music but now I collect telephone cards and paintings. (Page 53) 我过去常听摇滚乐，可现在我集电话卡和画。
used to do sth. 这一结构表示过去的习惯（过去经常反复发生的动作）或状态（暗含的意思是现在已不复存在），只有一种形式，即过去式，用于所有人称。used to的否定形式为：used not to do或didn’t use to do。疑问句为Used you to... ? 或 Did you use to...?如： 1）I used to go to school on foot. 我过去步行上学。（暗含的意思是：我现在不再步行上学了。） 2）Mary used to sleep late. 玛莉过去总是很晚才睡觉。（暗含的意思是：玛莉现在睡觉不再那么晚了。） 3)I used to walk along the road after supper. 我过去常常在晚饭后沿着这条马路散步。
4)He used not to like Peking opera, but now he’s very fond of it. 他过去不喜欢京剧，但现在非常喜欢。
现在大多数人在口语中或不太正式的书面语中对否定句和疑问句常使用与do 连用的形式。例如： 1)I didn’t use to like skating, but now I like it very much. 我过去不喜欢滑冰，但现在很喜欢。
2)Did you use to go there?你以往常去哪儿？
3)There used to be a theatre here, didn’t there?以前这里有一座剧院，是不是？ 另外，注意be used to doing sth.与used to do sth.的区别： be used to doing sth ―习惯于……，适应于……‖如: 1）He is used to working hard. 他习惯于努力地工作。
2）He used to bring me roses when he came to see me. 过去他来看我时,常带玫瑰花。 3）I’m used to doing jogging in the morning now. 我习惯于早上慢跑。 be used to do sth.―某物被用来做某事‖。如：
1）Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用来生产纸张。
2）Computers can be used to do a lot of work now. 如今电脑可用来做许多事。
9.need 既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 1.用作情态动词
--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗？ --需要。 You needn’t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 I don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。 2.用作实义动词
You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。 （四）几组词的辨异 1. can 和be able to
1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was∕were able to
则表示―过去做成了某事‖。在否定句中两者可通用。
He couldm across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 2. must和 have to
must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。 I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。
We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。 3. would和used to
1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。 People used to think that the earth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。）
She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country. 在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。）
2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，would只表示过去的习惯动作。 He used to ∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。 She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。 巩固练习，单项选择题
1. There __________ some flowers in the garden.
A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having 2. \\
A. Could ...couldn't B. Might...might not C. Could...can D. May...can't 3. You were stupid to climb the tree. You __________ hurt yourself. A. may B. might C. will D. might have 4. You __________ those letters. Why didn't you ?
A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post. 5. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up.
A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get
6. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink. A. will...can B. may...can C. may...dares D. dare...can 7. \ A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can 8. __________ to have lunch with us today?
A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked 19. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished. A. may B. must C. can D. might
10. -Is John coming by train? --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may
11. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. will
12. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short. A. needn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. won't
13. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.
第六讲情态动词专项练习题英语作文常用谚语
