Chapter 1 Understanding the Supply Chain 1.1 What is a Supply Chain?
1.2 The Objective of a Supply Chain
1.3 The Importance of Supply Chain Decisions 1.4 Decision Phases in a Supply Chain 1.5 Process Views of a Supply Chain 1.6 Examples of Supply Chains
Discuss the goal of a supply chain and explain the impact of supply chain decisions on the success of a firm. ?
Identify the three key supply chain decision phases and explain the significance of each one. Describe the cycle and push/pull views of a supply chain. ? Classify the supply chain macro processes in a firm.
1.1 What is a Supply Chain? 什么是供应链?
A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request.
供应链包括直接或间接参与实现客户要求的所有各方。
The supply chain includes not only the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and even customers themselves.
供应链不仅包括制造商和供应商，还包括运输商、仓库、零售商，甚至客户本身。 With each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request.
对于每个组织，如制造商，供应链包括接收和填写客户请求所涉及的所有功能。
These functions include, but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service.
这些功能包括但不限于新产品开发、市场营销、运营、分销、财务和客户服务。
The Definition of Supply Chain 供应链的定义 Supply chain includes: 供应链包括：
External Supply Chain 外部供应链
Internal Supply Chain
内部供应链
External Supply Chain:
Consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customer request. 由所有相关方直接或间接履行客户要求。
Internal Supply Chain:
Includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. 包括接收和填写客户请求所涉及的所有功能。
A supply chain is dynamic and involves the constant flow of information, product, and funds among different stages.
供应链是动态的，涉及到信息、产品和资金在不同阶段的不断流动。
A typical supply chain may involve a variety of stages, including the following: 一个典型的供应链可能涉及到多个阶段，包括以下几个方面：
? Customers 顾客 ? Retailers零售商
? Wholesalers/distributors批发商 ? Manufacturers制造商
? Component/raw material suppliers零部件/原材料供应商
Each stage in a supply chain is connected through the flow of products, information, and funds.
供应链中的每个阶段都是通过产品、信息和资金的流动来连接的。
These flows often occur in both directions and may be managed by one of the stages or an intermediary.
这些流动经常发生在两个方向上，并且可以由一个阶段或中间层管理。
补充资料：供应链其他定义
供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商，直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。 ---马士华《供应链管理。 The supply chain is the core enterprise, through the control of the information flow, logistics, capital flow, from the purchase of raw materials, into the intermediate products and final products. Finally, the sales network sends the product to the consumer, the supplier, the manufacturer, the distributor, the retailer, until the end user is integrated into a whole functional network chain structure.
The appropriate design of the supply chain depends on both the customer’s needs and the roles played by the stages involved.
供应链的适当设计既取决于客户的需求，也取决于所涉及的阶段所扮演的角色。 Discuss： When a distributor(分销商/代理商) is needed?
供应链复习提纲
