辽 宁 师 范 大 学 硕士研究生入学统一考试（初试）
实践英语 考试大纲
注意：本大纲为参考性考试大纲，是考生需要掌握的基本内容。
一、考查目标
实践英语考试旨在科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语基本知识和技能应用的掌握程度，确保英语专业硕士研究生的入学质量。考生需要系统掌握英语语言的基本知识和英语语言的基本用法，能够初步运用所学的基本理论、基本知识和基本方法分析判断并解决与英语相关的实践问题。
二、考试形式、试卷结构
答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
三、试卷满分及考试时间
本试卷由五部分组成，满分为150分。考试时间为180分钟。
四、试卷题型及分值 I. 单项判断题 II.
完形填空题 III. 阅读理解题 IV. 英汉互译 V.
写作题 五、 I. II.
考查考生对英语语言知识和文化知识的掌握程度以及对英语 语言的综合运用能力。
考查考生综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。要求考生在理解所提供的内容基础上，能够根据提示作出正确选择。
III. 考查考生英语阅读能力，要求考生掌握材料主旨，根据上下文逻辑关系分
析和理解文章。
IV. 考查考生在翻译学基本理论指导下的英汉-汉英互译能力。
V. 考查考生对英语的综合运用能力，包括词汇，语法，语用方面的综合素质
及其文学素养。
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六、考查内容
1. 词汇学相关知识
词的特征、词类划分的标准、实义语类、功能语类，中心语、修饰语、短语类、附加语、空语类、指示语。 2. 语法学相关知识
性、数、格，时、体，一致关系、支配关系。 3. 句法学相关知识
句子的性质、句子的成分、句子的类型、句子的界限、句子的结构等。 4. 语篇语言学相关知识
能够识别语篇特征，实现语篇的衔接与连贯，并能运用语篇语言学知识解决具体的语言问题。 5. 文体学相关知识
分析不同语境和场合所使用的得体英语，熟悉了解英语修辞格以及有关英语文体学的基础知识，能够运用在英语阅读和欣赏中。 6. 翻译能力
首先要忠实于原文表达的内容、结构、风格。在忠实于原文的基础上，还要考虑译文语言的表达习惯。同时掌握 有些程式化的翻译处理方式，如长句的翻译方法、分合句的翻译方法等。 7. 写作能力
英语写作能力包括三个主要方面：1）立意能力，能通过对客观事物的观察、分析和归纳，把其中包含的意思加以提炼，确定所要表达的中心思想。2）布局谋篇的能力，根据表达中心思想的要求组织材料。3）书写能力，指书写成文的能力，即准确流利地表达主旨，同时保证文章的统一性、连贯性、重点突出、富于变化。
七、试题示例 Part I. Vocabulary
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences with one word or two words missing in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
1. Anderson held out his arms to ______ the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.
A. turn off B. ward off C. trigger off D. call off
2. Her excellent _______ of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.
A. standard B. criterion C. evaluation D. command
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Part II. Cloze
Directions: Fill in each bland with one suitable word from the four choices. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
“Techno-stress”--frustration arising from pressure to use new technology--is said to be 31 , reports Maclean’s magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 32 “the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 33 of work and home life as a result of 34 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.” How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 35 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 36 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. “ 37 time each day to turn the technology off,” and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 38 attention. “People start the day by making the 39 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,” notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp. “The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete 40 .” 31. A. descending B. narrowing C. mounting D. widening 32. A. pass on B. range from C. deal with D. give up 33. A. confusion B. construction C. contribution D. conduction 34. A. creations B. promotions C. productions D. innovations
35. A. laws B. boundaries C. deadlines D. barriers 36. A. convenience B. advantage C. flexibility D. complexity 37. A. Put forward B. Put across C. Put aside D. Put up 38. A. prior B. major C. senior D. superior 39. A. fragmental B. fictional C. fractional D. fundamental 40. A. relaxation B. entertainment C. rubbish D. hobby
PART III. Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions after each passage. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best answer the question. Passage One
There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.
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But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games feature anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, it’s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”
One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We’re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it’s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”
They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”
Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.
Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising? 41. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational
and harmlessly entertaining? A. Those that help people learn more about computers. B. Those that teach the features of the earth.
C. Those that provide special training for writers online. D. Those that provide special training for pilot.
42. According to one study, most computer and online games A. allow the players to take part in killing acts B. teach the players to be antisocial
C. make the players forget the real life results
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D. that young people like contain violence
43. What does the underlined word “dismember” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. To kick somebody out.
B. To cut somebody into pieces. C. To dismiss somebody.
D. To stab a knife into somebody.
44. Many studies have suggested that____________.
A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer games
B. violence in computer games makes their players more aggressive C. there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer games D. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence 45. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show
that____________.
A. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life B. computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real life
C. the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real life D. there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real life
46. The best title for the passage is___________.
A. The Dark Side of Computer Games
B. Computer Games--Advantages and Disadvantages C. The Development of Violent Computer Games D. A Study on the Influence of Computer Games
Part IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following two paragraphs.
Section A Translate the following part from English into Chinese
Unlike the real world, where personalities are complex, motives unclear, and outcomes ambiguous, television presents a world of clarity and simplicity. In show after show, rewards and punishments follow quickly and logically. Crises are resolved, problems are solved, and justice always triumphs. The central characters in these dramas are clearly defined: dedicated or corrupt; selfless or ambitious; efficient or sentimental. To insure the widest acceptability and tell a story entertainingly, the plot lines follow the most commonly accepted notions of morality and justice, whether or not those notions bear much resemblance to reality. The long list of commercials between parts of the play sometimes drives you crazy.
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Section B Translate the following part from Chinese into English
读书或书籍的享受素来被视为有修养的生活上的一种雅事，而在一些不大有机会享受这种权利的人们看来，这是一种值得尊重和妒忌的事。当我们把一个不读书者和一个读书者的生活上的差异比较一下，这一点便很容易明白。那个没有养成读书习惯的人，以时间和空间而言，是受着他眼前的世界所禁锢的。他的生活是机械化的，刻板的；他只跟几个朋友和相识者接触谈话，他只看见他周遭所发生的事情。他在这个监狱里是逃不出去的。
Part V. Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “An Important Skill”. Your composition should be based on the information given below:
What do you think is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and give specific reasons and examples to support your choice.
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848实践英语
