考研英语英汉翻译历年真题汇编(2)
年英译汉试题及参考译文
Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start.（71）Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights，to be sure，it necessarily follows that animals have ）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and ，animals cannot have idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd，for exactly the same reason，so is the idea that tigers have ，this is only one account，and by no means an uncontested denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance，to infants，the mentally incapable and future addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it:how do you reply to somebody who saysI dont like this contract?
The point is this without agreement on the rights of people，arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.（73）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at is a false to start with another，more fundamental question:is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
Many deny it.（74）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view，which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood，may seem fact it is simply shallow:the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others interests against one s in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without which there is no capacity for moral see an animal in pain is enough，for most，to engage sympathy.（75）When that happens，it is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
动物有权利吗?问题通常就是如此提出的。这种提法听起来似乎有助于把问题讲清楚。（71）事实
并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有一种共识为基础的，而这种共识并非存在。
诚然，按照对权利的一种观点，必然以为，这只是一种熟悉，而且是一种有争议的熟悉。这种熟悉不仅剥夺了动物的权利，而且也剥夺了某些人的权利，例如婴儿，他们是不会用脑力来试探问题的未来一代人。另外，谁也不清楚，对于从来就不同意契约的人来讲，这项契约又有多少约束力，因为有人如果说我不喜欢这项契约，那你又如何作答呢?
问题的症结是，若是人们对人的权利没有一致的观点，那么争辩动物的权利是徒劳无益的?（73）这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它令人们以为应如此对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关心体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。这是一处错误的选择。最好换一种更为根本性的提法:咱们对待动物的同情感用到关心动物的身上。
许多人否定这种提法。（74）这种人持极端观点，以为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物不必考虑道德问题。任何关心动物疾苦的想法都是错误的，因为它把应该用来关心其他人的同情感用到关心动物的身上。
这种观点以为，折磨猴子从道义上讲无异于劈柴。这种观点似乎是斗胆的逻辑推理。实际上，这种观点是超级肤浅的，因为它逻辑混乱，所以应该摒弃。道德推理的最低级形式，和学习爬行的论理一样，是针对自身利益去衡量他人利益。这就需要同情心和将心比心的想像力，没有这两点就无法用道德观念来进行试探。看到动物受苦足以使大多数人产生同情感。（75）这种反映并非错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应该取得鼓励，而不该受到嘲笑。
年英译汉试题及参考译文
They were by far，the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected:a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion lightyears from earth.
（71）But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion yeays was just about the moment that the universe was the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected:the US National Aeronautics and Space Administrations Cosmic Background Explorer satellite—Cobe—had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang（the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy）.
（72）The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the to the theory，the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic，unimaginably dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions，emitting radiation as it went，condensing into particles and then into atoms of billions of years，the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies，stars，plants and eventually，even humans.
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures，but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well，the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of shouldnt have long to wait.（73）Astrophysicists working with groundbased detectors at the South Pole and balloonborne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.
（74）If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe says that very early on，the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second，propelled
考研英语英汉翻译历年真题汇编2
