Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade Key
I. Answer my questions
1. International trade is business which involved the crossing of national borders 2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies. 3. To gain profit.
4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.
5. There are four major forms which are the following:
Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.
6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.
7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.
8. Yes. There are great differences between them.
1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.
2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.
9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).
10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.
11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.
12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.
13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.
14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.
15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.
II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right 1. J 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.I 8.G 9.F 10.H
III Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese 1 购买力 11经济复苏；恢复 2潜在销售量 12 经济衰退 3加价，涨价 13间接投资 4国内市场 14有形货物 5制成品 15有形进出口
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6边际利润 16收入及支出；岁入及岁出 7市场占有率 17超额能力
8贸易歧视 18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人 9时机选择 19全部包建的工程承包方式 10经销周期 20许可证协定
IV Case Study 1 [Answer]：
Batteries called \elephant\exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because \market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand \which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.
V. Open
VI.Translate the following into English
1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.
2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.
3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.
4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join
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in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.
Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction I. Answer the following questions (Omited)
II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:
1.meeting/satisfying; 2.agent, foreign/overseas; 3.commission; 4.own; 5.setting; 6.patent; 7.profits; 8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiary
III. Judge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)
1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. T
IV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested
1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.
2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the
offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.
3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.
4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.
5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.
V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:
Keys
Messrs. Arthur Grey & Son, 19 Cheapside, London, E.C.2
Dear Sirs,
We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.
We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.
We are looking forward to your early reply.
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国际贸易实务双语教程第二版习题参考复习资料
