-ing分词的用法
一、-ing分词的构成
-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式 完成式
主动形式 doing 主动形式 having done 被动形式 being done 被动形式 having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如：
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 1.-ing分词的一般式 doing
1). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。
Eg：Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。 Eg：Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 2).-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作； Eg：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。
Eg：They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。
2.-ing分词完成式 having done：完成式表示动作在谓语动词所表示
的动作之前发生的动作。
Eg：Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
Eg：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. Eg：Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 3. -ing分词的被动式 being done ：
-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作. Eg：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
4. having done的被动形式having been done表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
Eg：Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
Eg：Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library. 在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。 5动词-ing形式的否定形式 。
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在动词-ing形式之前。
Eg：Excuse me for my not coming on time. Eg：I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
例1. ______ to the station on time made everyone worried last week. A. Him not getting B. Not his getting C. His not getting D. Not getting 6.动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词ing形式的复合结构由形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格或普通格加动名词，动名词的复合结构实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。 动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式： ①形容词性物主代词+动名词
②名词‘s +动名词 ③代词宾格+动名词 ④名词+动名词
【注意】动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。
Eg：Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot. 汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。
Eg：Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now.
翻译练习：His coming made us very happy. 他的到来使我们大家都很高。
翻译练习：He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。 二 -ing分词的语法作用
动词-ing一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)–ing分词（短语）作主语: 动词ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数：
Eg：Reading books widens our knowledge.读书增长我们的知识 Eg：Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 翻译练习： Learning English well is not easy. 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。
A. It is no use/no good/useless/worthwhile/dangerous/a waste of time /fun等后需用动名词作真正的主语。为了保持句子平衡，通常用it 作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。
Eg：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
Eg：It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 翻译练习：It is no use waiting for him any longer.
B.当句型“There is no doing…”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动名词作主语。
Eg：There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no point (in)doing sth 干…….没意义。
Eg： There’s no point （in） waiting. 等待是毫无意义的。 There is no sense(in)doing sth. 干…没道理/意义
例.1.In my mind,_____ that famous university will be the only way to become a worlds-class writer.
A. attending B.to attend C. attend D. having attended
2. My grandfather is a millionaire, but _____ money does not solve all his
problem.
A. has B. to have C. having D. having had 2) -ing分词（短语）作表语：
Eg：His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。 Eg：The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 3) -ing分词作宾语：
①–ing分词可作动词宾语， 作动词的宾语。
mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practise（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑）等。
Eg：I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
Eg：We enjoy attending Miss Li''s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。 例1：He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
答案B.后risk 后接动名词，he与 lose是主谓关系。
2： Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
高二英语动词ing用法归类总结
