常 去式 去分 的 化 去式和 去分
有 化和不 化两种。一、 化 :
1. 一般情况直接加 ed,如 ask — asked, work — worked 2. 以不 音的 e 尾,只加 d,如 love — loved, dance — danced 3. 以 音字母加 y 尾,把 yi,再加 ed,如 try — tried, study— studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个 音 尾的重 音 尾的 (以重 音 或 r 音 尾而末尾只有一个 音字母
), 先双写末尾 个 音字母
,再加 ed,如
stop — stopped,permit — permitted注: A. 以 l 尾的 ,尾音 重 ,双写 l,
如 control —controlled;尾音 不重 ,双不双写都可以,如 travel —traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。 B. 特例 :
picnic — picnicked — picnicked(去野餐 ),traffic — trafficked — trafficked(交易,在? 通
行) 另外 , 有很多 的 去式和 去分 是不合乎上述 的 ,需要熟 .( 后 )
C. 音与 明 :
①.-ed 在清 音音素后 音 ①.-ed 在 音和元音后 音 stayed
①.-ed 在[t] 、 [d] 后 音 [id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted 二、不 化
⒈ A---A---A 型( 在式、 去式、 去分 同形) 原形( 在
[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped [d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed,
式) 去式 去分 cost cost cost 花 cut cut cut 割,切 hit hit hit 打 let let let put put put 放下 read read read hurt hurt hurt
⒉ A---A---B 型( 在式和 去式同形) beat beat beaten打
⒊ A---B---A 型( 在式和 去分 同形) come came come 来
become became become变 run ran run 跑 ⒋ A ---B ---B 型
⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母
d 或 t 构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt学习 mean meant meant意思 hear heard heard听见
⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母
“d改”为 “t构”成过去式或过去分词。
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent送 spend spent spent花费 ⑶其他
pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说
bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买
think thought thought 想 catch caught caught 抓住 teach taught taught 教 fight fought fought 战斗 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood明白 win won won 得胜
shine shone/shined shone/shined发光 feel felt felt 觉得 find found found 发现 get got got 得到
hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung绞死,挂 have had had 有
hold held held 盛,握 leave left left 离开 make made made制造 meet met met 遇见 sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击 tell told told 告诉
smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻 sit sat sat 坐 dig dug dug 挖
⒌ A---B---C 型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)⑴在动词原形后加 -n 或 -en 构成过去分词。
eat ate eaten吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶 throw threw thrown 抛,扔 blow blew blown 吹 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞
draw drew drawn 拉,绘画 show showed shown 展示
⑵过去式加 -n 或 -en 构成过去分词。 speak spoke spoken说话 break broke broken 破碎,折断 wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen选择 forget forgot forgotten 忘记