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【关键字】英语
I. Life Science 生命科学
The Five Senses
视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉和触觉是人类最基本的五种感觉，即五官感觉。我们通过它们感知外界物体，获取与肌体生存紧密相关的重要信息，从而对所处环境作出分析判断。五感在我们的日常生活中扮演了至关重要的角色。
Sport injuries
肌肉是支撑人体活动的重要部分，我们要小心保护，防止肌肉受伤。 · Warm-up
Do you know any kind of sport injuries? Have you suffered from any of them? · Big question to think about while you read What are sprains and fractures? Content Vocabulary 1. sprain n. a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments扭伤 2. break n. the place where a bone in your body has broken 破裂 3. ligament n. a band of strong material in your body+ similar to muscle, that joins bones or holds an organ in its place 韧带 4. fracture n. a crack or broken part in a bone or other hard substance 断裂 5. swell v. to become larger and rounder than normal 肿胀 Sprains occur when a muscle is pulled too far. The result can be a break or a tear of a ligament. Sprains can sometimes happen as the result of an injury, such as a fall.
Sprains can also happen when you do not warm up your muscles before you exercise.
A broken bone often occurs as the result of an accident. A broken bone is called a fracture. How can you tell if a bone is broken? The pain in the area is very strong. You cannot move the part that is broken. The part that is broken begins to swell or grow bigger.
In most cases, you should not move because a bone may be broken Get someone's help to call an ambulance immediately.
You will be taken to a hospital nearby to check whether or not you have a broken bone. To check this, you will normally get an X-ray. An X-ray is a black and white picture of the bones taken with a special machine. It lets a doctor see if a bone is broken. (178 words) · Reflection questions on what you read
1. What are the differences between sprains and fractures? 2. How can a doctor tell whether there's a broken bone or not? 3. What should you do if a sprain occurs?
4. Which one do you think is more serious, a sprain or a broken bone?
Measuring speed
优异的骨骼结构和强健的肌肉使人和动物在运动时拥有较高的速度，下面的文章会告诉你什么动物运动速度最快。 · Warm-up
Do you notice that some animals move faster than others? Have you ever thought about why they can move faster? · Big question to think about while you read How do you define the word \
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Content Vocabulary 1. distance n. the amount of space between two places or things 距离 2. motor n. the basic unit for measuring length 米 3. kilometer n. a unit for measuring distance, equal to 1,000 meters 公里 4. athlete n. someone who competes in sports competitions, especially running, jumping, and throwing 运动员 5. compare v. to examine and note the similarities or differences of 比较 The movements of our bodies help us to go from one place to another. For example, when you go to school, you can walk, run,ride a bike, or ride in a car or a bus. You must cover a certain distance. Distance is the amount of space between two places.
Did you know that the distance from one place to another can be measured in meters? But if you need to measure distances that are longer than 1,000 meters, then it is usual to measure them in kilometers.
Sometimes we measure the time it takes to travel a certain distance. This is called speed. Speed is measured in hours, minutes, and seconds.
When an athlete covers a distance of 100 meters in ten seconds, we know that the athlete can run very fast. It takes an average person around twenty seconds to run 100 meters. The athlete runs the distance much faster than the average person. How fast can you run 100 meters? Which are the fastest animals?
Animals move at different speeds. Some animals move faster than others. Compares how fast or slow different animals move. Which athletes are the fastest?
Athletes spend many hours in training and practice in different sports. Coaches teach athletes how to improve their speed and strength. As a result, athletes develop strong bodies and muscles. Some athletes move very fast. They take part in races to see who is the fastest at certain sports. The Olympic Games is the largest sports competition in the world. (254 words) ·Reflection questions on what you read
1. How can we calculate a moving object's speed?
2. What units of measurement do people use to measure distance? 3. What units of measurement do people use to measure speed?
4. Why do athletes have to spend many hours in training and practice in different sports? 5. Please name at least 3 Olympics sports where athletes take part in to compete for speed.
The locomotive system
人体有着复杂的组织结构，正因为这样，我们能够行走、奔跑、跳跃。下面让我们一起来探索其中的奥妙吧！ ·Warm-up
How much do you know about your body? Do you know what's happening in your body when you're walking, jumping and running? ·Big question to think about while you read What exactly is the locomotive system? Content Vocabulary 1. locomotive system a system related to movement 运动系统 2. voluntary adj. voluntary movements of your body are controlled by your conscious mind 2word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.
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自发的 3. involuntary adj an involuntary movement, sound, reaction etc is one that you make suddenly and without intending to because you cannot control yourself 无意识的 4. digestive system a system connected with the process of digestion 消化系统 5. fiber n. the thin pieces of flesh that form the nerves or muscles in your body 纤维 6. joint n. a part of your body that can bend because two bones meet there 关节 We have learned how receptors on our sense organs send messages to the brain, which then responds to the signals. The response from the brain can be a movement of the body.
Most of the movements of our bodies occur because we want them to happen. These are called voluntary movements. If we want to kick a ball, we have to think about doing it. Our brain receives the message, and immediately our foot kicks the ball.
Other movements are called involuntary3 movements. Certain muscles in our bodies work without us having to think about them. For example, the muscles that move food through our digestive system4 are involuntary. They work even while we are sleeping. Bones and muscles
Bones make up the skeleton and support the body. But bones do not move on their own. They need muscles to move. Muscles move every part of the body, such as the head, fingers, legs, and toes, and even our eyes and tongue.
Muscles are made out of many stretchy, elastic cells and fibers. Muscles function like rubber bands that stretch and relax in the body.
Muscles work in pairs. One muscle pulls the bone forward, and another muscle pulls the bone back. When one muscle is working (contracting), the other muscle is relaxing. Your muscle pairs work together to move.
The place where one bone joins another is called a joint6. Joints allow movement and give the skeleton its ability to bend, twist, and turn.
Tissues called ligaments hold bones together at joints. Bones, muscles, and ligaments make up the locomotive system. This system gives the body its form and allows it to move. (274 words) ·Reflection questions on what you read
l. What's the difference between voluntary and involuntary movements? 2. Please give 3 more examples of involuntary movements. 3. How do the muscles help you to move? 4. What's a joint? Please give an example.
5. There are many athletes who suffer from ligament injuries and cannot take part in
competitions anymore. What will happen if there is a broken ligament?
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【英语】中学生科普英语趣味阅读低年级阅读材料1
