广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2014年 考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学
适用专业：050201 英语语言文学
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一、名词解释（10题，每题3分，共30分）
1. pragmatics 2. diachronic linguistics 3. allophones 4. morpheme
5. cohesion 6. cognitive linguistics 7. hyponymy 8. contrastive analysis
9. American structuralism 10. Language Acquisition Device (LAD) 二、判断题 （5题，每题8分，共40分）
1. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.
2. Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.
3. [m] is a “bilabial lateral”, [j] a “palatal approximant”, and [h] a “glottal fricative”. 4. Relevance is a matter of degree. The larger effect produced, the greater the relevance; the smaller effort cost, the greater the relevance.
5. Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
三、简答题 （5题，每题8分，共40分）
1. What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance? 2. Divide the following words into Roots, IA (inflectional affix) and/or DA (derivational affix). e.g. transformations: trans (DA)- form (Root) –ation (DA) -s (IA) 1) unconscious
2) earthquakes 3) misled 4) geese
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3. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more complicated examinations” by means of IC analysis.
4. Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence: The kid broke a vase yesterday.
5. Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following conversation?
A: So you like icecream. What are your favourite flavours? B: Hamburger … fish and chips. 四、论述题 （2题，每题20分，共40分）
1. What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics? 2. Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:
Each language articulates or organises the world differently. Languages do not simply name existing categories; they articulate their own.
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2014年广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷613-普通语言学
