Unit 1 A land of diversity
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·东北师大附中高三段考)In the 1500's when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States, they came across the ancestors of the modern–day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the basket makers, the Anasazi, or the ancient ones, had lived in the area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.
The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe(土砖) and wood. Anasazi houses were originally built in holes and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 AD, the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into groups of multistoried large buildings, which the Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate rooms under the ground in these pueblos—known as kivas—were set aside for religious ceremonies. Each kiva had a hole that was believed to lead to the underworld. The largest pueblos had five stories and more than 800 rooms.
The Anasazi family was matrilinear(母系遗传的). The holy objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother, or son. Women owned the rooms in the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to the men, who, in contrast to most other native American groups, planted them. The women made baskets and pottery; the men made cloth and jewelry.
Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land disputes(争议) and religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects. The solid political and social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer them.
语篇导读 本文为说明文，介绍了16世纪的阿纳萨齐人的生产方式，劳动分工以及部落首领的职责等内容。
1．What do we know about the Anasazi people? A．They were good at growing crops. B．They were immigrants from Spain. C．They stored their crops in caves. D．They had battles against the Spanish.
解析 A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，他们擅长种植农作物，故选A项。 2．What does the underlined word “they”(Paragraph 3) refer to? A．Women. C．Rooms.
B．Pueblos. D．Crops.
解析 D 代词指代题。该词所在句子．..once they were harvested用的是被动语态，也就是说they是harvest这个动作的承受者，根据上文内容可以判断，此处指上文中的the crops，即：收割农作物，故选D项。
3．What can be concluded from the text?
A．The Anasazi benefited from trade with the Spanish. B．The division of labor in Anasazi society was clear. C．The Spanish caused harm to Anasazi society. D．Constant conflicts existed in Anasazi society.
解析 B 推理判断题。第三段讲到阿纳萨齐人的劳动分工问题，即：最年长的女性掌握着家族的圣物，但实际仪式由她的兄弟或儿子举行；妇女拥有普韦布洛的房间和粮食，生长中的农作物由男性管理；妇女制作篮子和陶器，男性制作布料和首饰。由此可见，阿纳萨齐人有明确的劳动分工，故选B项。
4．What can best describe the Anasazi? A．Aggressive. C．United.
B．Honest. D．Selfish.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，阿纳萨齐人的每个村庄的两个首领各司其职，配合良好。根据最后一句可知，阿纳萨齐人内部是很团结的，故选C项。
B
When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done.
These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell–phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows on that clock–based work schedules hinder morale and creativity.
Clock–timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 am to 10 am, research from 10 am to noon, etc. On the other hand, task–timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.
What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does
one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne–Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to–do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs “task time”. They found clock–timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.
The researchers argue that task–based organizing tends to be undervalued and under–supported in the business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to take more task–based planning into their strategies.
This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock–timers, task–based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task–doers will be happier.
语篇导读 本文为议论文。如今，我们在各处都能知晓时间，例如时钟、手表、手机和电脑，这是一件好事还是坏事呢？基于时间支配的工作又会对斗志和创造力带来什么影响呢？
5．What does the author think of time displayed everywhere? A．It makes everybody aware of time. B．It is a convenience for work and life.
C．It may have a negative effect on creative work. D．It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.
解析 C 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，作者对于随处可知时间这件事是持有怀疑态度的。A、B、D项均表示肯定语气，且文章中并未提及，故选C项。
6．What did Tamar Avnet and Anne–Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock–timers?
A．They seize opportunities as they come up. B．They always get their work done in time. C．They have more control over their lives. D．They tend to be more productive.
解析 D 细节理解题。根据第四段中They found clock–timers to be more
全国通用版2019版高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷36Unit1Alandofdiversity新人教版选修8
