W: Oh, really? Someone you met in the bank. Does he work there?
M: No, he was a tourist, from NY. His name is Henry. And he's been here for a week, but he's moving on to Germany tomorrow. He's an architect and he's spending four weeks travelling along Europe. W: Just like us?
M: Yes, just like us. He told me the names of some places where we should eat. Great food and not too expensive, he said. Oh, and he also gave me this map of the buses to me, he said he didn't need it anymore.
W: That's useful. But he's moving on tomorrow. Yes, here's the waitress. Let's order. Do you want something to eat? Or should we just have a drink?
M: Well. I'm hungry. And we've got a lot of sightseeing to do. So let's just have a snack and drink. W: It sounds good to me.
M: Well. Let's decide what we'll see today. I guess the best place to start is the Cathedral and then the Castle. What're the opening times for those two?
W: Well, according to this guidebook, the Cathedral is only open from 9.30 in the morning until midday. (Ah...) No, hang on. That's the Cathedral Museum. (Oh!) The Cathedral itself is open morning and afternoon. The Castle is just open from 1 to 5 so we can't go there until after lunch. I really want to spend some time on the Art Gallery because they've got this wonderful painting by Rembrandt（倫伯朗） that I always want to see. M: What else should we see?
W: Well the guidebook says the Botanical Gardens worth spending some time in. And there're open all day from 8 to 6 so we go there anytime. (En...) I'd like to go to the markets near the river too. But ... Oh no way, that's only in the mornings too.
M: As well as today and tomorrow, we can see some other places on Monday you know. But I don't think the markets will be open then. They only open on Thursdays. So we miss them for this week. Maybe we can go to the Cathedral today because it's Sunday tomorrow. And even though it's open every day it might be difficult to get in tomorrow because the chair services.
W: That is true. But the Art Gallery isn't open on Sundays at all. So we'll have to go there today. (En) The Castle is open every day except Monday. So it'll okay there. And the Gardens of course is only closed at night.
M: Are all these places free? Or do we have to pay to go in? What does the guidebook say?
W: I think there's a charge for all of them except the Botanical Gardens. Oh and the markets. Of course you don't pay to go in.
M: Okay, well, let's have a look at our plan at this. We'll go to see the painting, you like first, that the Rembrandt, then have lunch then we go on to the Castle after that and then the Cathedral. W: Okay. It says here that the roof of the Cathedral is really beautiful.
M: Is that right? But I really want to do with the Cathedral is climb the tower. The view is supposed to be spectaculous!
W: Okay well that'll be more than enough today. And tomorrow let's go to the Botanical Gardens and have a picnic. (En!) I want to sit by the river and watch the swans. The city's famous for them.
test2_section2
So the Counselling Services we are for dealing with any problems arising from your studies or in your life outside the university.
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Let's take academic counselling. If you confuse about subjects or how to combine them of your degree, we can advise you and discuss the career you are aiming for, so that you can see it all in context. We can also chase up your tutor if you're not getting proper feedback on how you will be getting on your subjects.
Besides help with academic problems, you may also need personal counselling. If you think you're already under stress, well, just wait to classes begin next week, you'll have to start adjusting to teaching and learning methods that may be unfamiliar to you as well as the mounting pressures the deadline for that first assignment creates upon you.
And of course you'll have to cope with all these without your usual social network, you know, the social contacts, family and friends, you can normally rely on for help. All of this causes anxiety. Studying overseas can trigger a personal crisis. You may have left a lot of or you might call unfinished business back in your own country. Or you may have interrupted personal relationships or even sometimes broken them off to come overseas. And so students often feel so lonely, unhappy, unmotivated and unable to concentrate on study. Or there may be other things bothering you. Our resident chapel can offer you spiritual guidance if that what you want or we can put you in touch with community groups that can provide you with social contacts and friendship.
What about exam stress? It effects nearly every one to some extent, but especially oversea students like yourselves. There may be a huge amount of family pressure on you to succeed. And if you fail a subject or drop off a course because it's too difficult, then your self-esteem can suffer, but it's not the end of the world if you don't pass an exam. I had a reset first year anthropology so I can certainly offer you a sympathetic hear. Anyway, exam failure can lead varying changes in the way you normally behave.
You may also be off your food or you may have dietary problems because the local food is not to your liking and upset you and this can affect your health and studies. Glenda Roberts is our dietician in the health service and we can put you onto her.
And we all have money problems, don't we? But remember full-time students can get a low interest loan of up to 600 dollars to buy books and for similar study related expenses. That's right. And you can get a double that amount if you can't afford an item or equipment you need for your course, so, musical instrument for example. That doesn't stop there. When you move into a flat, starting-up expenses including furniture afford can be covered by a loan through the welfare service. See Jill Freeman for details.
Can we help you? Well last academic year in spite of staff cuts, we counselled 240 international students for a total of 2600 hours' counselling. And finally we won all the just one of the twelve appeals that we launched on behaves of the students. Not too bad for an understaff service, don't you think? That's all for me. Thank you.
test2_section3
W:Oh, there you are, good. Sorry I'm a bit late. There was a long queue. So have you work out how to
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do with the assignment then?
M1:Not yet. We've been here only a couple of minutes ourselves. W: Can you just remind me what the task is exactly?
M2: Well there're two, err, no, three parts to it. The first we have got to write an essay about ways of collecting data, then...
W: What's the title of the essay exactly?
M1: I've got a here. Assess the two main methods of collecting data in social science research. W: And how much do we need to write?
M1: 1500 words. That's the essay. Then for the second part of this assignment we have to choose one method of data collection and carry out a small-scale study making appropriate use of the method chosen to get data from at least 5 subjects.
W: And then we have to write a report on the study? M2: That's right. It's three to four thousands words.
W: Did you get as far as discussing which form of data collection we should go for? Questionnaire or interview, isn't it?
M1: Yes, I think we should do a questionnaire. That would be so much less time consuming than organizing interviews, I recommend. Once we've agreed on the wording we only have to send it out and wait for the responses.
W: Yes...I think it probably would be quicker. But what that are the article gave us last week say about the quality of data from questionnaires？
M1:I'm pretty sure recommended questionnaires are source of highly reliable data as long as you design the questionnaire properly in the first place the data will be fine.
W: No. I'm sure it talks about drawbacks as well, doesn't it, something about the response rate and the problems you get if it is too low.
M1: Yes, but we only need data from 5 subjects, anyway.
W: Oh, I suppose so. Another drawback I remember it mentions was that questionnaire data tends not to reveal anything unexpected because it is limited to the questions fixed in advance by the researcher. M1: Come on, Rose. This is only a practice. It seems not a real research, is it? W: Well, I'm sure about that.
W: Maybe I'll be back through the article again. Just to be sure. Can you remember what was called? M: Sample surveys and social science research, I think, by Mehta. W: M-E-H-T-A?
M: Yep. And he also recommended a more reasonable called Survey research by Belle, I think. It's an art series published by London University.
M2: And if we try to use interviews instead I saw a book in the departmental library that will be helpful for this it is called Interviews that work by Wilson published in Oxford in 1988.
W: Right. Oh, I have got a tutorial now. Can we meet up again later this week. What about Friday morning?
M: Suits me. 11 o'clock? W: Fine.
M: Before Friday, I think we should all look though the reading list.
test2_section4
So far, in these lectures, we've been looking at crimes like robbery and murder, both from historical
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view of point and also in contemporary society. And we've seen the preoccupation of western societies with crime and with lawlessness is a pile of long and continuous tradition rather than something which is null and unique to modern society.
But over the past 70 years or so, there's been a massive increase in one type of crime which was what's known as corporate crime. Corporate crime is crime which as the name suggests, is connected with companies, with business organizations. It includes illegal acts leader, individuals or a group within a company. But what is important is that these actors normally in accordance with the goals of the company. They're for the good of the company rather than the individual. It's been defined as, quote, crime which is committed for the corporate organization, the company, not against it, unquote. So crimes like theft by employees, things like... err... embezzlement or fraud against one's actual employer are excluded, according to this definition. The employees maybe involve but they're acting in the first place for the company. They may not even realize that they commit a crime, or they may realize but they feel it's excusable because it's policy, or because otherwise they may lose their jobs. So here we're really talking about the links between power and crime.
Now this is one area that much less generally known about the conventional or traditional crime. It's been relatively ignored by the mass media. For example, it tends to be underreported in comparison with conventional crime in news broadcasts and in crime series of films and so on. They very rarely deal with corporate crime. And it also tends to be ignored in academic circles, as being far more research on conventional crime and far more data is available.
There're several reasons for this lack of interest in corporate crime compared with other types of crime. It's often very complex, whereas conventional crime, it's usually possible to follow what's going on without specialist knowledge. As well as this, whereas conventional crime has a lot of human interest, corporate crime often has much less. The third reason, and possibly the most significant one, is that very often that victims are unaware. They think their misfortune is an accident, or that is the fault of no one in particular. They're unaware that they've been victims of a crime.
So when we look at the effects of corporate crime, we may find it's very difficult to assess the costs, but these costs can be very considerable in both their economic and social aspects.
Let's look at the economic costs first. For example, if a company is producing fruit juice, and it dilutes its product, so that's just a little below the concentration it should be, many millions of people may be paying a small amount of extra for their carrot orange juice. Now some amounts like this may seem insignificant for individual customers, too small to worry about. But for the company, this deception might result in massive illegal profit. However all our studies of corporate crime agree that the individuals are in fact deprived of far more money by such crime than they're by conventional crime like robbery and theft.
In addition to this we have to consider the social costs of corporate crime. And these are again very difficult to assess but they're considerable. They're important because they can undermine the faith of the public in the business world. And also, more importantly, because the main group of people they're in fact effected not the richer section of the society but the poorer. So here, companies are robbing the
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poorer then benefit the rich.
There're two more points to do with corporate crime. Then I'd like to illustrate with the reference to a pacific event which occurred several years ago. This was an explosion of a large oil tanker which cost the loss of more than fifty lives of the crew. It was an explosion which never should have happened and the subsequent inquiry laid the blame not on anyone who's actually been on the tanker at the time but on the owners of the tanker. They had deliberately decided not to carry out necessary repair work on the tanker as it was due to be sold. And it was this lack of repair work which was directly responsible for the explosion.
Now this illustrates two points to do with corporate crime. First of all, that it's not had to be intentional. The owners of the tanker certainly did not intend it to explode but very serious consequence can result from people or organizations not considering the possible results are their actions seriously enough. The main crime here was indifference to the human results rather than actual intention to harm anyone. But that didn't make the results any less tragic. And this leads to my second point. That corporate crime can have very severe consequences. It's not just a matter of companies making big profits they should do, but of offense which may affect the lives of innocent people. And here're very often companies, because they say they didn't intend to harm anyone, can avoid taking responsibility for the results of their actions, and that has been a very dangerous slop hole in the law.
Now further example of corporate crime was the...
test3_section1
W: Sarah, I've heard that you want to move into a home-stay family, is that correct?
S: Yes, that's right. I've been staying with my aunt and now my cousin is arriving from Singapore and my aunt need serve room for him.
W: Oh, that's bad luck. Well I'll need to get some particulars first. Err, Sarah, what's your full name? S: Sarah Lhim, and that's Sarah with Lhim。 W: En, how old are you Sarah?
S: 23, only just. It was my birthday on the 21st of August.
W: Ah, happy birthday for yesterday. How long have you been in Australia?
S: A year in Adelaide and 6 months in Sydney. I prefer Sydney. I've got more friends here. W: What's your address, your aunt's house?
S: Flat 1, 539 Forest Rd. Canterbury and the post code is 2036. W: Okay. What're you studying now?
S: I was studying general English in Adelaide. And now I'm doing academic English because I'm trying to get into medicine next year.
W: That sounds good, but it'll take you a long time. When would you like to move out from your aunt's?
S: My cousin arrives on Friday morning. So I'd better to be out on Thursday. W: What... the 7th of September. S: Yes, that's right.
W: That doesn't leave us much time. Right, okay. I need to know what kind of accommodation you'd like, so I can get you something suitable.
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剑桥雅思4听力原文全手打 非截图
