VIP专享武汉大学2011考博英语真题 - 图文 

武汉大品坞号L2011年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题〈满分值100分〉科目名称z英语(A卷〉科目代码1101注意:所有的答题内容必须写在答题纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。/0) Part 1 Reading Comprehension (2 X 20 = 400Directions: 1n this part C?f lhe test, there wi/l be 5 passlαrges for yOll 10 read. Eαch pαss，α'ge is followed by -1 qllestiol1s or 1I1!疗nisheds阳tements，and each questiol1 or Ul扩ìnisheds阳temenlis followed by four choices mαrked A, B, C, and D. You are 10 decide 011 the best choice by blackenù尊thecorre伊ondingletter 011 the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wall-conscious; from the Neolithic period-when ramparts of pounded earth were used一tothe Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. Not only towns and villages, the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling ofwandering around a huge maze. The name for \city\ in Chinese means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts、whoseduties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run throughout the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity. However, it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the Great Wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall spanned the various dynasties, and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the refurbishing and the 科目名称=英语第1页/共10页‘construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. It was during the fourth and third century B.C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads Especially three of these states: the Qin, the Zhao and the Yan, corresponding respectively to the modern provinces of Sh?nxi, Shánxi and Hebei, over and above building walls that surrounded their kingdoms, also laid the foundations on which Qin Shih Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wal1. The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was an important one. Throughout the centuries many sett1ements were established along the new border. The garrison troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. All these undertakings great1y helped to increase the country's trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia -the forrnation of the Silk Route. Builders, garrisons, artisans，岛rmersand peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work, which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defense institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall. 1. Chinese cities resembled a maze because A. they were designed to protect their kingdoms B. the houses have no external windows C. the name for cities means \wall\ D. walls have always been important there 2. Constructing a wall that ran the length ofthe country A. honored the god of walls and mounts B. was an absurdly laborious task C. may have made sense within Chinese culture D. made the country look like a huge maze 3. The Great Wall ofChina A. used e汉istingfoundations B. was built in a single dynasty C. was built by the Qin, the Zhao and the Yan D. was refurbished in the fourth and third centuries B.c. 4. Crops were planted B. to reclaim wasteland A. on wasteland D. along the canals C. on reclaimed wasteland 科目名称z英语第2页/共10页pa E aS aU σe T W。 字bAw arded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community's understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. Planck introduced an i.dea that led to the quantum theo町\which became the foundation of 20th century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high仕equencies.He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time The model required the emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the仕equencyof the radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck's constant. It is now recognized as one of the fundamental constants of the worId. Planck announced his findings in 1900, but it was years before the full∞nsequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his Iife, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, and other fields. In 1930 he was elected president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, which was renamed the Max Planck Society after World War 11. Though deeply opposed to the fascist regime of Adolf Hitler, Planck remained in Germany throughout the war. He died in Gottingen on October 4, 1947. 5. In which of the following fields did Max Planck NOT make a significant contribution? A. Optics B. Thermodynamics C. Statistical mechanics D. Biology 6. The word \revolutionary,\ which is underIined in the passage, means A. dangerous B. extremist C. momentous D. militarist 7. It can be inferred仕omthe passage that Planck's work led to the development of which of the following? A. The rocket B. The atomic bomb C. The internal combustion engine D. The computer 8. The implication in this passage is that A. only a German physicist could discover such a theory B gl!antuIl1l!teory，_~hich led to the development of 20th century physics,' is 科目名称z英语第3页/共10页basically a mathematical formula C. Planck's constant was not discemible before 1900 D. radiation was hard to study Passage Three Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of f剖(adiposetissue) beyond what is considered normal for a person's age, sex, and body type. In today's society obesity is considered a disease, not a moral failing. It occurs when energyintake exceeds the amount of energy expended over time. Only in a small minority of cases is obesity caused by such illnesses as hypothyroidism, or the result of taking medications, such as steroids, that can cause weight gain. The more a person weighs, the more blood vessels the body needs to circulate blood throughout the body. The heart takes on a heavy burden as it has to pump harder to force the blood flow through so many vessels. As a result, the heart grows in size and blood pressure tends to rise. Obesity is also a factor in osteoarthritis (because of the extra weight placed on the joints), gout, bone and joint diseases (including ruptured intervertebral discs), varicose veins, respiratory ailments, gallbladder disease, complications during pregnancy and delivery, and higher accidental death rate. Obesity can alter hormone levels, affect immune function, and cause impotence in men and reproductive problems in women. Women who are 30% overweight are twice as likely to die of endometrial cance飞andthose who are 40% overweight have four times the risk. Obese women also are more likely to incur cancers of the breast, cervix, ovaries, and gallbladder. Obese men are more likely to develop cancers ofthe rectum, colon, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and prostate. Obesity can also cause psychological problems. Sufferers are associated with laziness，也ilure，or inadequate willpower. As a result, overweight men and women blame themselves for being heavy, thus causing feelings of guilt and depression. Scientific evidence has found an association between BMI (body-mass index) and higher death rates. However, the relative risk of being heavy declines with age. Some researchers have found that data linkin豆overwel础tand death are inconclusive. while other researchers have found that losing weight mav be riskier than dangers posed by extra poundsSome researchers counter that overweight indirectly contributes to over 300,000 deaths a year. A poll by Shape Up America found that 78% of overweight or obese adùlts have abandoned dieting as a means of losing weight. Diets do not teach people how to eat 科目名称z英语第4页/共10页praoperly. They merely restrict food intake temporarily, so when the diet ends, weight ob n Tρcou me c a 』M可如 9. The main idea ofthis passage is A. obesity can lead to many serious health problems B. obesity is considered to be a disease C. obesity can teach people dieting D. obesity puts a burden on the heart 10. According to the passage, A. m~dications such as steroids are often related to obesity B. obesity does not affect a person's chances of getting cancer C. a diagnosis of obesity is based on a normal weight for one's age and sex D. obesity is becoming less of a problem in today's society 11. Accordihg to the passage, why does dieting not resuIt in permanent weight loss? A. Diets cause feelings of deprivation. B. There are too many diets and each has different requirements. C. Diets lead to guilt and depression D. Diets don't teach people good eating habits. 12. What does the underlined sentence from the fifth paragraph suggest about obesity? A. Losing a lot ofweight is not wise for older persons. B. Stomach stapling and other surgical methods for weight loss are superior to dieting. C. All obese people need to shed their extra pounds. D. Obese people should coosult their doctors about the pros and cons of losing weight. Passage Four Elaine, Justin‘s mom, had set down the house rules with self-confident assurance. Only the most obtuse person would have failed to understand: no tattoos, no body piercings and no co-ed sleepovers while living in the house of Elaine Tucker Brown. Still, the day Justin turned 眩，he lied to his mother about where he was going and headed straight to the tattoo parlor, as if impervious to his mother's wrath. He got a light blue heart the size of an orange permanently etched on his arm. Above this work of art was the word, \Blessed.\ No, Justin was not stupid, but he was obstinate. Elaine saw this as an act of sheer defiance. She was incensed, her anger exacerbated 科目名称z英语第5页/共10页