专题二 阅读七选五
2016年全国卷考情分析 命题角度 试卷类型 小标题、副标题 主题句或主要观点 解释、引申、例证类语句 方法、措施、建议 过渡性语句 结论性语句 试题特点 短文的体裁多为事理说明文，针对某个问题或现象加以说明，全国甲卷 1 0 2 1 1 0 然后提出合理的解决方法、应对措施。文章层次分明，逻辑性全国乙卷 0 1 2 0 2 0 强。此类题型属于综合能力考查，有一定难度。 全国丙卷 0 2 1 1 1 0 [真题例释] (2016·全国乙卷)Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
38 You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Let's number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. 39 For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret
for long.So codes must be changed frequently.
A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B．In any language，some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D．As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
本文是一篇说明文。人们用密码来传递信息已有几千年历史。设置密码与破解密码的斗争也是永久不变的话题。
36．D [句间过渡性语句。空格前一句说“人们使用密码已有几千年了”，空格后又说“破解密码从不远远落后于设置密码”，由此语境可知选D项“只要有过的密码，人们就试图破解”。]
37．E [前句说有三种密码，空格内应是介绍第一种。由该空的后一句可知，此空选E(你可以拼写每个单词的首字母来隐藏信息)。]
38．G [段落主题句，也是段间过渡性语句。前一段作者说有三种主要类型的密码学并介绍了第一种，根据逻辑关系可推知，本段应介绍第二种。]
39．F [句间过渡性语句。通过对前面的进一步解释和后面的例证得出正确答案。空格前说“要读取真正代码的信息，你必须要有一个密码本”，由a code book可锁定F项中的With a code book。F项“有了密码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语境。]
40．A [分析语境可知，该空仍然在谈论密码本的事情，由此可锁定A项“没有密码本很难破解密码”，这与后一句“但是，长期保持密码本的秘密也很难”语意衔接紧密，可确定为答案。]
模式1| 设空在段首
(1)小标题或段落主题句：如章首或段首设空，一般考查文章或段落主题。 考查要点 (2)注释小标题：如在小标题之后接着设空，一般是对小标题加以注释。 (3)段落间的过渡句：如首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。 1．小标题、副标题 [考题回放] (2016·全国甲卷)
17
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料).18.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.
A．Know why you garden
[思路分析] 由该空所在位置可知这是一个小标题。由其后内容“有些人可能认为花园……，有些人关心……然而，还有很多其他原因……”可知本段的主题应该是A项“知道你为什么要做园艺工作”。
2．主题句、主要观点 [考题回放] (2016·北京高考)
75 For the risk－seekers，a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
[思路分析] 由空格后句子For the risk－seekers ...while for the rest of us ...“对于爱冒险者……而对于我们其他人……”可断定本段主题为“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面临紧张局势时，我们的大脑工作方式不同”。
3．段落过渡语句 [考题回放]
(2016·全国丙卷)Everyone knows that fish is good for health.36.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isn't difficult.37.It just requires a little knowledge. This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh.39.Do not buy it. When you have bought a fish and arrive home，you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.
F．When buying fish，you should first smell it.
(通用版)2017届高三英语二轮复习第1部分专题2阅读七选五模式1设空在段首
