宾语： 及物动词或介词的对象或结果；通常由名词或代词担任
表语： 在系动词后，表明主语身份或特征；通常由名词、代词、形容词充当 定语： 修饰名词或代词；通常由形容词、代词、数词担任 状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词；通常由副词、介词短语担任 宾语补足语：说明宾语怎么样或干什么；常由形容词、动词担任 同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后，进一步说明它的情况 （二）简单句五大基本句型
主系表 / 主谓(vi.) / 主谓(vt.)宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾 / 主谓(vt.)宾宾补 （三）连词
??连接词与词或短语与短语?________???表________????_________???表________?连接简单句与简单句?________????表________ ?连词??表________??????___________???_________连接主句与从句?________?___________??___________??四、三大从句
（一）宾语从句
含义：在主从复合句中充当宾语的句子。 We know Jack is a lazy student. We are talking about whether it’s a cat. He is unhappy that he didn’t pass the exam.
分类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句、形容词后宾语从句 三要素：________、________、________
连接词 语序
时态
_______ (可省略) 宾语从句：陈述句 _______________ 宾语从句：一般疑问句 _______________ 宾语从句：特殊疑问句
_________语序 _______________ _______________ _______________
Miss Li said that the earth ________ (be) round.
【难点1】只用连接词whether的情况
I’m thinking about __________ I should see the film. I haven’t decided __________ to go to the cinema. I’m not sure __________ or not it’s worth seeing the film. 结论：________________________________________
【难点2】特殊疑问句本身语序为陈述语序的句子
Who broke the window? What happened last night?
I wonder _____________________.
What’s the matter/the trouble? What’s up/wrong?
When will we meet?
【难点3】宾语从句和简单句的转换
I don’t know what I can/should do next. = I don’t know what to do next.
He couldn’t decide which one he could/should buy. = He couldn’t decide which one to buy. Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo? = Could you tell me _________________________? 结论：
1. 当主句的________与从句的________一致时，且主句的谓语动词是know, decide, learn等时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。 2. 当主句谓语是ask, tell, show, teach等________动词时，且主句的______________和从句的________一致时，此复合句可转换成简单句，即从句部分改为“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。
（二）状语从句
含义：在主从复合句中充当状语的句子。 The bus had left when we arrived at the station.
分类：时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句
目的状语从句，比较状语从句
各类状语从句连词：
状语从句 时间状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 目的状语从句
连词(从属连词)
比较状语从句
【难点1】when, while, as的区别
when：指时间点或时间段；前后动作可__________发生或__________发生
while：只表一段时间；前后动作__________发生，while后加__________动词(或表状态) as：前后动作并行发生，“一边……一边”；“随着……”
Give this bike to Mary __________ she comes next week. Return the book to Lily __________ you have finished reading it. I was doing my homework _________ my mother came in. You must be quiet __________ Kate is doing her homework. __________ Tom was watching TV, his parents were taking a walk. She did sports ________ she listened to music. 【难点2】because, for, since, as的区别
1) because “________” (从属连词) 指直接原因，语气最强。
I did that because she told me to.
2) since “________”(从属连词)表示人们已知的事实，语气比because弱。
Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone else for help.
3) as “________” (从属连词) 表示不言而喻、显而易见的原因；语气比since弱。
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
4) for “________”(________连词)不表直接原因，表附加或推断的理由，for引导的是并列句。
It rained last night, for the ground is wet now.
【难点3】“主将/祈/情从现”现象
中考英语二轮复习——第1讲、简单句、并列句、复合句
