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—A spokesman for Aestheticism(唯美主义)Literary Achievements
The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林·格雷画像》The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要性》– his masterpieceWriting Feature
—Witty paradoxes and epigrams in the dialogue —Cleverly constructed plots
The Importance of Being Earnest《认真的重要性》
—Oscar Wilde
1. three-act play 2. Major characters:
—John (Jack) Worthing: a double identity
·Jack: a very serious and upright young man in the country ·Ernest: a dandy pursues a life of pleasure in the city of London.
3. Name “Ernest”
—A wordplay (pun) upon Earnest-seriousness —Beneath the frivolity there lies seriousness.★George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Life
·Born in Dublin, Ireland ·Mother: a talented musician ·Fabian Society (费边社) ·Negative about the theory of
“Art for Art
’s Sake”
Literary Position
—An outstanding realistic dramatist and satirist
— It was Shaw who gave English drama a new lease of life. — In 1925 he received the Nobel Prize for literature. Literary Achievements
·Widowers' Houses
《鳏夫的房产》《华伦夫人的职业》《武器与武士》《康蒂妲》《巴巴拉少校》《卖花女》《伤心之家》《苹果车》《真像毕露》
·Mrs. Warrens Profession’·Arms and the Man ·Candida ·Major Barbara ·Pygmalion·Heartbreak House ·The Apple Cart ·Too True to be Good
Subjects concern ·Slum landlordism
—(Widowers' Houses)
·Prostitutes and prostitution
—(Mrs. Warrens Profession) ’
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·Attack on Victorian conventions, such as home, romantic love, military glory, and idealism
—(Arms and the Man)
·Inequality between social classes and censure of middle class morality
—(Pygmalion)
·Pre-war spiritual poverty in Europe and the shallow Victorian work ethic
—(Heartbreak House)
Features of writing
·Witty remarks, surprise, and paradox ·Caricature(讽刺画,漫画) types
·The rich suggestive classic myths as underpinning metaphors ·Poignant satire
Pygmalion《卖花女》
——George Bernard Shaw
—This play…
·Based on classical myth
·plays on the complex business of human relationships in a social world ·A satire on middle-class morality
★Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)
Literary Position
—one of the greatest novelists in the English language—a forerunner of modernism Literary Achievements
The Nigger of the \《水仙号上的黑家伙》Lord Jim《吉姆老爷》Heart of Darkness
《黑暗之心》
Heart of Darkness《黑暗之心》
1. The double meaning of Heart of Darkness
African hinterland and colonizers’ dark side2.Features : narrative structure(叙事结构）
a lot of symbolism （大量象征手法）
3. Themes: Conrad bitterly satirizes the inhumanity of imperialism and colonialism.
7.Modernism (1918-1945) (现代主义文学)
Poets:
T. S. Eliot (1888-1865)
William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)
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★T. S. Eliot (1888-1865) Literary Position
—a leader of the modernist movement in English poetry —a great innovator of verse technique
—He profoundly influenced 20th century English poetry between World War I and II. —In 1948 he was awarded the Nobel Prize.Literary Achievements
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock《阿尔弗雷德·普罗弗洛克的情歌》—The first masterpiece of modernism in English
·The Hollow Men《空心人》
—An impressive picture of the spiritual and emotional aridity of modern men ·The Waste Land《荒原》
—A landmark in English poetry, ending the Romantic period signifying the emergence of Modernism. It gave a picture of the spiritual ruins of Europe shortly after the end of World War I, and expressed the disillusionment of a generation of intellectuals.
Poetry techniques:
Images Symbols
literary allusions（典故）
/references（文献）
★William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)Literary Position
·one of the twentieth century's key English-language poets
The leader of the
“Renaissance Irish ”爱（尔兰文艺复兴运动
)
·Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923 ·“The greatest poet of our timeMajor Works
·The Wild Swans as Coole《库勒的野天鹅》
—certainly the greatest in this language.
——T.S. Eliot
”
·The Winding Stair《旋梯》·The Tower《塔》
Poetry Concern —His early poetry
·Romanticism, sometimes with elements of mysticism ·Often dealt with Irish themes —Later poetry
·Powerful and mature
·Realistic, symbolic and visionary（幻想的）
Modern Novelists
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James JoyceVirginia Woolf D. H. Lawrence
★James Joyce (1882-1941) Literary Position
—The most prominent stream-of-consciousness novelist Literary Achievements Dubliners 《都柏林人》
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《一个青年艺术家的画像》—autobiographical novel
Ulysses
《尤利西斯》—a typical example of stream of consciousness technique Finnegans Wake’《芬尼根的觉醒》Joyce’s writing style
?Stream of consciousness ( 意识流）?Symbolism ?
Epiphany （顿悟）
★Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) Literary Position :
—English women novelist and critic，
—Known for using a stream-of-consciousness technique to reveal her charactersin her experimental, innovative fiction
Literary Achievement
Novels
To the Lighthouse
《到灯塔去》
The Waves
《海浪》Mrs. Dalloway《达洛威夫人》;Essays
A Room of One's Own (1929)《自己的房间》Three Guineas (1938)《三个基尼亚》Writing style
—the quality of lyric poetry —stream-of-consciousness
Literary terms:
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inner lives
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1. Aestheticism: Art is self-sufficient. It need serve no ulterior purpose, and should not be judged by moral, political or other non-aesthetic standards. It centered on the doctrine that art exists for the sake of its beauty alone, and the basic principle for this movement is “art for art’s sake.” In England, Oscar Wilde was one of its major representatives.
2. Dramatic monologue: A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speakersubject of the poem.
3. Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.
’s personality as well as the incident that is the
4 . Critical Realism: The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.
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英国文学笔记汇编
