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?A Brief Outline of British Literature History
?
1. Medieval Literature (5 A.D. -1485) (中世纪文学) Geoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400 )
2. The English Renaissance (1500-1625) (文艺复兴时期文学Thomas More （1478—1535）Edmund Spenser（1552—1599）Christopher Marlowe（1564—1593）Francis Bacon （1561—1626）William Shakespeare （1564—1616）
3. The Seventeenth century (17th century)( 17 世纪文学) John Milton （1608—1674）John Donne （1572—1631）John Bunyan （1628—1688）
4. English Enlightenment and neo-Classicism (17th century -18th century ) (动和新古典主义文学
)
英国启蒙运
)
Alexander Pope （1688—1744）Jonathan Swift （1667—1745）Daniel Defoe （1660—1731）Henry Fielding （1707—1754）
5. Romanticism in England (1798-1832) (浪漫主义时期文学Robert Burns （1759—1796）William Blake （1757—1827）William Wordsworth (1770—1850) Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772—1834) George Gordon Byron(1788—1824) Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792—1822) John Keats (1795-1821)
6. English Realism (1830s-1918) (现实主义时期文学Robert Browning (1821—1889) Alfred Tennyson ( 1809—1892) Jane Austen (1775—1817) The Bronte Sisters
Charles Dickens (1812—1870)
William Makepeace Thackeray (1811—1863) Thomas Hardy (1840—1928) Joseph Conrad ( 1857—1924) Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)
George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) 7. Modernism (1918-1945) (现代主义文学) 更多精品文档
) /Victorian Age (1832—1901)
)
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T.S. Eliot (1888—1965)
William Butler Yeats (1865—1939) James Joyce (1882—1941) Virginia Woolf (1882—1941) D.H. Lawrence (1885—1930)
??
1. Medieval Literature (5 A.D. -1485) (中世纪文学)
Beowulf《贝奥武夫》: the national epic of the English people.
romance (浪漫传奇)：the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England
Theme: loyalty to king and lord
King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table《亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》
★Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-- 1400)
Literary Position: The father of English poetry
Masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》（Old English）Literary Achievements: Heroic couplet (英雄双韵体)
2. The English Renaissance (1500-1625) (文艺复兴时期文学)
The word
“Renaissance” means revival（复活）. The term originally indicates a revival of classical
(Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism（蒙昧主义）Humanism: the essence of Renaissance Edmund Spenser (1552-- 1599): \Masterpiece :The Faerie Oueene《仙后》Thomas More （1478-1535）Masterpiece: Utopia（乌托邦）
Christopher Marlowe (1564--1593): most gifted of the \（大学才子派）. Masterpiece: The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. 《浮士德博士的悲剧》
★Francis Bacon (1561-1626 )
Literary Position:
—the founder of modern science in England; —one of the earliest essayist(散文家）in English language
Masterpiece : Essays《论说文集》
Of Studies (论读书)
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★William Shakespeare(1564—1616)Literary Position:
·“not of an age, but for all time,
”
·the greatest giant of English language and poetic form, ·one of the founders of realism in world literature, ·one of the greatest writers in the worldLiterary Achievements:
38 plays (comedies(喜剧）, histories（历史剧）, tragedies（悲剧）, tragicomedies/romances
（悲喜剧）
2 narrative poems
154 sonnets (Sonnets 1-126 addressed to a young man, Sonnets 127-152 addressed to “Dark
Lady”, Sonnets 153-154 addressed to Cupid, the God of love in Greek mythology )
Plays(4 periods)
1. First period (1592-1594): His apprenticeship in plays.
Historical plays: King Henry VI
《亨利六世》, Richard Ⅲ《查理三世》
’s literature.
《爱的徒劳》Comedies: Love’s Labours Lost ’
2. Second period (1595-1600): Mature period, a marked increase in the knowledge of humanism
Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
《仲夏夜之梦》(4大喜剧):A Midsummer Nights Dream’
The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》
3. Third period (1601-1608): Flourishing period, a period of gloomy and depression
(4大悲剧):Hamlet《汉姆雷特》
Othello《奥赛罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克白》
4. Fourth period (1608-1612): The period of romantic drama in the form of tragicomedies
《暴风雨》Reconciliation plays: The Winters Tale’《冬天的童话》, The Tempest
3. The Seventeenth century (17th century)( 17 世纪文学)
Historical background
1. The English revolution（英国革命）and the Restoration（王朝复辟）.
·Causes: the conflict between the monarch and Parliament; the persecution of the Puritans 2. The bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restoration·Glorious Revolution—a bloodless revolution ·The constitutional monarchy. ★John Milton (1608—1674)Literary Position
·A master of the Blank verse
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·The greatest English revolutionary poet of the 17th century ·One of the greatest poets of the English language Literary Achievements Poems
《失乐园》(1667): his masterpiece——The greatest epic in English literature.
·Paradise Regained (1671) 《复乐园》
·Paradise Lost
·Samson Agonistes (1671) 《力士参孙》
Paradise Lost《失乐园》
—John Milton
1. Introduction
·Long epic in 12 books ·Written in blank verse
·Based on Genesis《创世纪》in the Old Testament ·Dramatizes the Biblical account of humanity2. Theme
—Milton’s aimed purpose: “justify the ways of God to man（昭示天道对人的公正）”—Real purpose: Challenge the restored monarch ·God — tyrannical, represents the king ·Satan — rebelling against monarch
·Love between Adam and Eve — human pursuit for happiness, the spirit of Renaissance 3. Writing features
—Milton style: Sonority洪亮, Eloquence雄辩, Majesty尊严, Grandeur壮美·The blank verse
·Long and involved sentences
’s banishment.
★John Donne (1572-1631) Literary Position
—founder of Metaphysical School（玄学派）—the greatest of the metaphysical poets. Literary Achievements
Songs and Sonnets 《歌与十四行诗》The Flea《跳蚤》
Holy Sonnets《圣十四行诗》—conceits（奇喻）
—strange paradoxes（悖论）—far-fetched （牵强的）imagery
John Bunyan (1628-1688):
《天路历程》Masterpiece: The Pilgrim’s Progress
: Holy Sonnet 10
Features of metaphysical poetry:
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4. English Enlightenment and neo-Classicism (17th century -18th century )
(英国启蒙运动和新古典主义文学
) (1688-1798)
Historical Background
1. Comparatively peaceful development under the constitutional monarchy
·A compromise between Tory and Whig ·The leading navel power in Europe 2. The Industrial Revolution 工业革命·Unprecedented technical innovations ·Rapid growth of industry and commerce
The Enlightenment
An intellectual movement in Europe began in the late 17th and 18th centuries and ended with the French revolution of 1789 th
18 century : Age of Reason/ Age of Enlightenment
1. Importance—a lasting heritage for the 19th and 20th century
—it marked a key stage in the decline of the church and the growth of modern secularism(义)
—it served as the model for political and economic liberalism. 2. The development of Poetry: neo-Classicism 新古典主义
3. Characteristic of neo-Classicism
1). Emphasizing reason rather than emotion, form rather than content. 2). Didactic and satirical
3). Heroic Couplet (英雄双韵体)
4). Town poetry writing for the rising bourgeoisie Alexander Pope (1688-1744)Literary Position
—an outstanding enlightener
—The greatest and the most important representative of the English classical poetry.
世俗主
★The Rise of Fiction
Daniel Defoe Jonathan Swift Henry Fielding
※ Fiction
The mainstream of 18th century literature, & The rise and growth of realistic novel —the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature★Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)Literary Position —Father of English novel Literary Achievements:
—— Robinson Crusoe (1719)《鲁宾逊漂游记》
·Defoe’s masterpiece
·The first English novel in a real sense ·The first English realistic novel 更多精品文档
英国文学笔记汇编
