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16. The author refers to the terms “wildlife” (line 11), “taking” (line 13), and “critical habitats” (line 16) most likely in order to
(A) illustrate the misuse of scientific language and concepts in political processes
(B) emphasize the importance of selecting precise language in transforming scientific concepts into law
(C) represent terminology whose definition was crucial in writing environmentalist goals into law
(D) demonstrate the triviality of the issues debated by industries before Congress passed the Endangered Species Act
(E) show that broad definitions of key terms in many types of laws resulted in ambiguity and thus left room for disagreement about how the law should be enforced Questions 17-19 are based on the following passage.
Allen and Wolkowitz’s research challenges the common claim that homework-waged labor performed women worker’s needs and preferences. By focusing on a limited geographical area in order to gather in-depth information, the authors have avoided the methodological pitfalls that have plagued earlier research on homework. Their findings disprove accepted notions about homeworkers: that they are unqualified for other jobs and that they use homework as a short-term strategy for dealing with child care. The authors conclude that the persistence of homework cannot be explained by appeal to such notions, for in fact, homeworkers do not differ sharply from other employed women. Most homeworkers would prefer to work outside the home but are constrained from doing so by lack of opportunity. In fact, homework is driven by employers’ desires to minimize fixed costs: homeworkers receive no benefits and are paid less than regular employees. 17. The passage is primarily concerned with (A) advocating a controversial theory
(B) presenting and challenging the results of a study (C) describing a problem and proposing a solution
(D) discussing research that opposes a widely accepted belief (E) comparing several explanations for the same phenomenon
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply. 18.Allen and Wolkowitz’s research suggests which of following statements are true about most homeworkers
(A) They do not necessarily resort to homework as a strategy for dealing with child care. (B) They perform professional-level duties rather than manual tasks or piecework.
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(C) They do not prefer homework to employment outside the home.
19. The ratio of divorces to marriage has increased since 1940. Therefore, there must be a greater proportion of children living with only one natural parent than there was in 1940.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly weakens the inference drawn above? A. the number of marriages entered into by women twenty-five to thirty-five years old has decreased since 1940.
B. when there is a divorce, children are often given the option of deciding which parent they will live with.
C. since 1940 the average number of children in a family has remained approximately steady and has not been subject to wide fluctuations.
D. before 1940 relatively few children whose parents had both died were adopted into single-parent families.
E. the proportion of children who must be raised by one parent because the other has died has decreased since 1940 as a result of medical advances.
For Questions 20, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
20. Scientists (i)___________ disposition (ii)____________ the impact of human activities on climate has been greatly mitigated-- perhaps even counterbalanced—by the natural trend over the past several centuries toward much cooler weather. This optimistic conclusion seems unrealistic to other scientists, who find it difficult to believe either that the greenhouse effect could be (iii)_________, or that such a fortunate combination of event is likely.
Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii) (A) of a sanguine (D) fear that (G) inimical (H) innocuous (B) with a skeptical (E) realize that (C) with a histrionic (C) with a histrionic (F) conjecture that (I) ineluctable 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除
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Sect ion 5
For Questions 1 to 4, select one entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
1. The current demand for quality in the schools seems to ask not for the development of informed and active citizens, but for disciplined and productive workers with abilities that contribute to civic life only _______, if at all. (A) indirectly (B) politically (C) intellectually (D) sensibly (E) sequentially
2. Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist detection until maturity by ______ the seedling stage in the rice plant’s life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering stage. (A) deterring (B) displacing (C) augmenting (D) imitating (E) nurturing
3. A major goal of law, to deter potential criminals by punishing wrongdoers, is not served when the penalty is so seldom invoked that it______to be a ______threat.
Blank (i) Blank (ii) (A) ceases (D) serious (B) tends (E) credible (C) appears (F) coercive
4. Doreen justifiably felt she deserved recognition for the fact that the research institute had been ________a position of preeminence, since it was she who had ________ the transformation.
Blank (i) Blank (ii) (A) reduced to (D) observed (B) maintained in (E) imagined (C) returned to (F) directed Proportionally, more persons diagnosed as having the brain disorder schizophrenia were born in the winter months than at any other time of year. A recent study suggests that
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the cause may have been the nutrient-poor diets of some expectant mothers during the coldest months of the year, when it was hardest
for people’s to get, or afford, a variety of fresh foods.
5. Which of the following, if true, helps to support the conclusion presented above? A. over the years the number of cases of schizophrenia has not shown a correlation with degree of economic distress.
B. most of the development of brain areas affected in schizophrenia occurs during the last month of the mother’s pregnancy.
C. suicide rates are significantly higher in winter than in any other season.
D. the nutrients in fresh foods have the same effects on the development of the brain as do the nutrients in preserved foods.
E. a sizable proportion of the patients involved in the study have a history of schizophrenia in the family.
Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following passage.
Upwards of a billion stars in our galaxy have burnt up their internal energy sources, and so can no longer produce the heat a star needs to oppose the inward force of gravity. These stars, of more than a few solar masses, evolve, in general, much more rapidly than does a star like the Sun. Moreover, it is just these more massive stars whose collapse does not halt at intermediate stages (that is, as white dwarfs or neutron stars). Instead, the collapse continues until a singularity (an infinitely dense concentration of matter) is reached. It would be wonderful to observe a singularity and obtain direct evidence of the undoubtedly bizarre phenomena that occur near one. Unfortunately in most cases a distant observer cannot see the singularity; outgoing light rays are dragged back by gravity so forcefully that even if they could start out within a few kilometers of the singularity, they would end up in the singularity itself
6. the passage suggests which of the following about the Sun?
(A) the Sun could evolve to a stage of collapse that is less dense than a singularity. (B) in the Sun, the inward force of gravity is balanced by the generation of heat. (C) the sun emits more observable light than does a white dwarf or a neutron star.
7. which of the following sentences would most probably follow the last sentence of the passage?
(A) thus, a physicist interested in studying phenomena near singularities would necessarily hope to find a singularity with a measureable gravitational field.
(B) accordingly, physicists to date have been unable to observe directly any singularity.
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(C) it is specifically this startling phenomenon that has allowed us to codify the scant information currently available about singularities.
(D) moreover, the existence of this extra ordinary phenomenon is implied in the extensive reports of several physicists.
(E) although unanticipated, phenomena such as these are consistent with the structure of a singularity.
Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following passage.
The transfer of heat and water vapor from the ocean to the air above it depends on a disequilibrium at the interface of the water and the air. Within about a millimeter of the water, air temperature is close to that of the surface water, and the air is nearly saturated with water vapor. But the differences, however small, are crucial, and the disequilibrium is maintained by air near the surface mixing with air higher up, which is typically appreciably cooler and lower in water-vapor content. The air is mixed by means of turbulence that depends on the wind for its energy. As wind speed increases, so does turbulence, and thus the rate of heat and moisture transfer. Detailed understanding of this phenomenon awaits further study. An interacting—and complicating—phenomenon is wind-to-water transfer of momentum that occurs when waves are formed. When the wind makes waves, it transfers important amounts of energy—energy that is therefore not available to provide turbulence.
8. according to the passage, wind over the ocean generally does which of the following? (A) causes relatively cool, dry air to come into proximity with the ocean surface.
(B) maintains a steady rate of heat and moisture transfer between the ocean and the air. (C) causes frequent changes in the temperature of the water at the ocean’s surface.
9. the passage suggests that if on a certain day the wind were to decrease until there was no wind at all which of he following would occur?
(A) the air closest to the ocean surface would become saturated with water vapor. (B) the air closest to the ocean surface would be warmer than the water
(C) the amount of moisture in the air closest to the ocean surface would decrease. (D) the rate of heat and moisture transfer would increase.
(E) the air closest to the ocean would be at the same temperature as air higher up.
For Questions 10 to 13, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.
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