化工原理课程设计吉林化工学院
90?8590?99.72? ?WW?958.88kg/m3
965.3?968.6965.3??WW0.0031?0.003?? ?W ?957.85kg/m3 ?W712.34958.881 所以
907.15?750.79?L1???828.97kg/m322 ?F??W907.15?957.853?L2???932.50kg/m22?F??DMLD?xD?46??1?xD??18?41.48kg/kmol MLF?xF?46??1?xF??18?20.49kg/kmol MLW?xW?46??1?xW??18?18.03kg/kmol
ML1?ML2?MLD?MLF41.48?20.49??30.99kg/kmol
22MLW?MLF18.03?20.49??19.26kg/kmol
22MVD?yD?46??1?yD??18?41.83kg/kmol
MVF?yF?46??1?yF??18?29.83kg/kmol MVW?yW?46??1?yW??18?18.30kg/kmol
MVD?MVF18.03?29.83MV1???35.83kg/kmol
22MV2?MVW?MVF18.03?29.83??24.06kg/kmol
22?VF29.83?273.15??1.01 22.4??273.15?87.41?41.83?273.15?1.45
22.4??273.15?78.25??VD??VW18.30?273.15??0.60 22.4??273.15?99.72?11
化工原理课程设计吉林化工学院
?V1?1.01?1.45?1.23kg/m3
2?V2?2.混合液体表面张力
1.01?0.60?0.80kg/m3
2
二元有机物-水溶液表面张力可用下列各式计算
1/41/4?1/4??sw?w??so?o
m注:?w?xwVwx0V0 ?0?xwVw?x0V0xwVw?x0V0
?sw?xswVw/Vw ?s0?xs0V0/Vs
2/3??q/w??q???oVo2/3?B?lg???wVw? ? , Q?0.441?????T??q???w?2??sw?A?B?Q , A?lg?? , ?sw??so?1
??so?式中下角标,w,o,s分别代表水、有机物及表面部分;xw、xo指主体部分的分子数,Vw、Vo主体部分的分子体积,δw、δo为纯水、有机物的表面张力,对乙醇q = 2。
VcD?VcW?mc?cDmc?46?62.32mL
738.10?cWmc46??64.58mL 712.34VcF?VwF?VwD??cFmw?46?63.26mL
727.11?wFmw18??18.61mL 967.01?18?18.50mL
973.06?wD
12
化工原理课程设计吉林化工学院
VwW?mw?wW?18?18.77mL
958.8870 80 17.15 62.6 90 16.2 60.7 100 15.2 58.8 由不同温度下乙醇和水的表面张力 温度/℃ 乙醇表面张力/10N/m 水表面张力/10N/m -32-3218 64.3 求得在tD,tF,tW下的乙醇和水的表面张力(单位:10-3Nm-1)
90?8016.2?17.15? , ?cF?16.45 乙醇表面张力:
90?87.4116.2??cF80?7017.15?18? , ?cD?17.30
80?78.2517.15??cD100?9015.2?16.2? , ?cW?58.85
100?99.7215.2??cW90?8060.7?62.6? , ?wF?61.19 水表面张力:
90?87.4160.7??wF80?7062.6?64.3? , ?wD?62.90
80?78.2562.6??wD100?9058.8?60.7? , ?wW?58.85
100?99.7258.8??wW??1?xD?VwD?????塔顶表面张力:
?cDxDVwD?1?xV?xV???DwDDwD??2wD2??1?0.8387?18.50????0.8387?62.32???1?0.8387?18.50?0.8387?62.32?? ?0.00312??wD?B?lg???lg0.0031??3.2717
??cD?2
13
化工原理课程设计吉林化工学院
2/3?q???cDVcD2/3?Q?0.441??????wDVwD???0.7631 ?T??q?A?B?Q??2.5086?0.7631??3.2717
2??swD联立方程组: A?lg???scD?? , ?swD??scD?1 ?代入求得:
?swD=0.023 , ?scD?0.977
1/41/4?1/4?0.977??17.30? , ?D?17.91 D?0.023??62.90???原料表面张力:
?wFxFVwF2wF???1?xF?VwF??
1?xV?xV????FwFFwF??22???1?0.0891?18.61??? 0.0891?18.61???1?0.0891?18.61?0.0891?18.61???2.2572??wFB?lg???cF???lg2.257?0.3535 ?2/3??q???oVoQ?0.441??????wVw2/3???0.7301
?T??q?A?B?Q?0.3535?0.7301??0.3766
2??swF联立方程组: A?lg???scF?? , ?swF??scF?1 ?代入求得:
?swF=0.471 , ?scF?0.529
1/41/4?1/4?0.529??16.45? , ?F?32.19 F?0.471??61.19?塔底表面张力:
???wWxWVwW2wW???1?xW?VwW??
1?xV?xV??W?wWFwW???22??1?0.01176?18.77????0.01176?64.58???1?0.01176?18.77?0.01176?64.58?? ?245.86
14
化工原理课程设计吉林化工学院
2??wWB?lg???cW???lg245.86?2.391 ?2/3?q???cWVcW2/3?Q?0.441??????wWVwW???0.693 ?T??q?A?B?Q?2.391?0.693?1.698
2??swW联立方程组:A?lg???scW?? , ?swW??scW?1 ?代入求得:
?swW=0.981 , ?scW?0.019
1/41/41/4?W?0.981??58.85??0.0.019??15.23? , ?W?57.58
(1)精馏段液相表面张力:σ1=(?F??D)/2=(32.19+17.91)/2=25.05 (2)提馏段液相表面张力:σ2=(?F??W)/2=(32.19+57.58)/2=44.89
3.混合物的黏度
tt??=82.83℃ 查表得: =0.3437mPa.s 醇=0.433 mPa.s 水12=93.57℃
''??查表得:水 =0.300mPa.s 醇=0.381 mPa.s
?1??醇?x1??水??1?x1?精馏段黏度:
?0.4639?0.433?0.3437??1?0.4639??0.3851mPa?s
提馏段黏度:
?2??'醇?x2??'水??1?x2? ?0.381?0.0451?0.3??1?0.0451??0.3036mPa?s
5.相对挥发度
由 y=0.4226
FxF=0.0891
得:?FD?0.42261?0.4226?7.48
0.08911?0.0891由 y=0.8509 xD=0.8387
15