1014?0.0011015?0.0001?3??0.5?4??0.511112?102?10
?M(OH)3?M(OH)24 故主要存在形式是
和
,其浓度均为0.050mol?L
?16.解: [T]?0.10mol?L?1,lg?Y(H)?4.65
8.解:PH=5.0时,
lgKZnY'?4.8?pZnep?4.8?Cd(T)?1??1(0.10)?102.8?0.10?101.8?Zn(T)?1?102.4?0.10?108.32?0.010?106.32?Y(Zn)?1?KZnYCZnKCdYCCd?Zn(T) ?Y(Cd)?1??Cd(T) lgK'CdY?16.46?lg?Cd(T)?lg(?Y(H)??Y(Zn))?6.48lgK'ZnY?16.5?lg?Zn(T)?lg(?Y(H)??Y(Cd))??2.48
lgK'ZnY?lglgKZnY?lg(?Y(H)??Y(Cd))lg?Y(H)?6.45lg?Y(Cd)?lgspKCdYCCd?Cd(I)sp KCdY?1016.46 CCd?0.005mol?L?1?Cd(I)?1?102.10?102.43?104.49?105.41?lg?Cd(I)?5.46?lg?Y(Cd)?8.70lgK'ZnY?16.50?lg(106.45?108.70)?7.80sppZnsp?0.5(lgK'ZnY?pCZn)?5.05?pZn??0.25Et?
10pZn?10?pZnK'ZnYCspZn??0.22%
10.解:设Al3+浓度为0.010mol/L,则由Al(OH)3的Ksp计算可得Al3+发生水解时
3+
pH=3.7。要想在加入EDTA时,Al不发生水解,pH应小于3.7。
[HAc][H?]10?5?Ac(H?)??1?1??1??4.74?1.5512.解:a. [Ac?]Ka10C0.31?Ac ]?HAc?mol?L?1?0.2mol?L?1 [
?Ac(H?)1.55
?Pb2?(Ac?)?1??1[Ac?]??2[Ac?]2?1?101.9?0.2?103.8?0.04?102.43lg?Y(H?)?6.45lgK'PbY?lgKPbY?lg?Pb2?(Ac?)?lg?Y(H?)?18.04?2.43?6.45?9.16pPb'sp?6.08 pPbep?7.0 pPb'ep?7.0?2.43?4.57?pPb'??pPb??1.51 Et?10pPb?10?pPbK'PbYCspPb??2.7%lgK'PbY?lgKPbY?lg?Y(H)?18.04?6.45?11.59b. pPb?11.59?3?7.30 pPb?7.0 ?pPb??0.30spep2 10pPb?10?pPbEt???0.007%spK'PbYCPb
15. 解: 由Ksp ,测Th时pH<3.2,测La时pH<8.4,查酸效应曲线(数据)
可知,测Th时 pH?2较好,为消除La的干扰,宜选pH<2.5,因此侧Th
可在稀酸中进行;侧La在pH5-6较合适,可选在六亚甲基四胺缓冲溶液中进行。
18. 解: 由题意可知
0.03?35?118.69?100%?62.31%0.2?1000
(0.03?50?0.03?3.0?0.03?35)?207.2?100%?37.29%0.2000?1000
?Sn?
?Pb?21. 解: 据题中计量关系得:
???0.025?0.03?0.0036?0.001?10??254.2?2?100%?98.45%0.2014
24. 解: 据题中计量关系得:
0.05831?0.02614?58.693?100%?63.33%0.7176
?Ni??Fe?(0.03544?0.05831?0.02614?0.05831)?5?55.845?100%0.7176
=21.10%
(0.05?0.05831?0.00621?0.06316?0.03544?0.05831)?5?51.9960.7176
?Cr??100%=16.55%)
第 7 章 氧化还原滴定法
1. 解:查表得:lgK(NH3) =9.46
E=EθZn2+/Zn+0.0592lg[Zn2+]/2
=-0.763+0.0592lg([Zn(NH3)42+]/K[(NH3)]4)/2
=-1.04V
3. 解:E Hg22+/Hg=EθHg22+/Hg+0.5*0.0592lg[Hg2+] =0.793+0.5*0.0592lg(Ksp/[Cl-]2) EθHg22+/Hg=0.793+0.0295lgKsp=0.265V
E Hg22+/Hg=0.265+0.5*0.0592lg(1/[Cl-]2)=0.383V
5. 解:E MnO4-/Mn2+= Eθ′MnO4-/Mn2++0.059*lg( [MnO4-]/[Mn2+])/5
当还原一半时:[MnO4-]=[Mn2+] 故E MnO4-/Mn2+= Eθ′MnO4-/Mn2+=1.45V [Cr2O72-]=0.005mol/L [Cr3+]=2*0.05=0.10mol/L
ECr2O72-/Cr3+= Eθ′Cr2O72-/Cr3++0.059/6*lg([Cr2O72-]/[Cr3+])=1.01V
7. 解:Cu+2Ag+=Cu2++2Ag
lgK=(0.80-0.337)*2/0.059=15.69 K=1015.69=[Cu2+]/[ Ag+]2
表明达到平衡时Ag+几乎被还原, 因此=[ Ag+]/2=0.05/2=0.025mol/L
[ Ag+]= ( [Cu2+]/K)0.5=2.3*10-9mol/L
9. 解:2S2O32-+I-3=3I-+S4O62- (a)当滴定系数为0.50时,
[I3-]=0.0500(20.00-10.00)/(20.00+10.00)=0.01667mol/L [I-]=0.500*2*10.00/(20.00+10.00)+1*20.00/30.00=0.700mol/L 故由Nernst方程得:
E=E I3-/ I-0.059/2* lg0.01667/0.700=0.506V
(b) 当滴定分数为1.00时,由不对称的氧化还原反应得: E I-3/ I-=0.545+0.0295 lg[I-3]/[ I-]3 (1)
E S4O62/-S2O32-=0.080+0.0295 lg[S4O62-]/ [S2O32]2 (2)
(1)*4+(2)*2得:6Esp=2.34+0.059 lg[I-3]2[S4O62-]/[ I-]6[S2O32-]2
由于此时[S4O62-]=2[I-3],计算得[S4O62-]=0.025mol/L [ I-]=0.55mol/L, 代入上式Esp=0.39=0.059/6* lg[S4O62-]/4[ I-]6=0.384V
(c) 当滴定分数为1.5, E= E S4O62/-S2O32-=0.80+0.0295 lg[S4O62-]/ [S2O32]2 此时[S4O62-]=0.1000*20.00/100=0.0200mol/L [S2O32-]=0.100*10.00/50.00=0.0200mol/L 故E=0.800+0.0295 lg0.200/(0.200)2=1.30V
11.解: Ce4+Fe2+=Ce3++Fe3+
终点时 CCe3+=0.05000mol/l, Fe2+=0.05000mol/l. 所以 C Ce4= CCe3+*10(0.94-1.44)/0.059=1.7*10-10mol/l
C
Fe2+=CFe3+*10
(0.94-0.68)/0.059=2.0*10-6mol/l
得Et=(1.7*10-10-2.0*10-6)/(0.0500+2.0*10-6)*100%=-0.004%
13.解: Ce4++Fe2+=Ce3++Fe2+
在H2SO4介质中,终点时Eep=0.48V, Esp=(1.48+0.68)/2=1.06V, E=1.44-0.68=0.76V,
在H2SO4+H3PO4介质中,
?E=0.84-1.06=-0.22
Et=(10-0.22/0.059-100.22/0.059)/100.76/2*0.059*100%=-0.19%
?Fe3+=1+103.5*0.5=5*102.5=103.2, ?Fe2+=1+0.5*102.3=102.0 EFe3+/Fe2+=0.68+0.059lg?Fe3+=0.61V Esp=(1.44+0.617)/2=1.03V
E=0.84-1.03=-0.19V
E=0.83V,
?