08 书面表达之概要写作
Passage1 （2020·浙江宁波市·效实中学高三期中）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Imagine you receive an e-mail like this ： ARE YOU GOING TO CLASS TODAY? This e-mail “sounds\like the writer is yelling because using all capital letters in an e-mail is usually the way that people shout online. Knowing when to use capital letters is one example of online etiquette （礼仪）? Following are some dos and don'ts for communicating appropriately with others in cyberspace.
First, always remember that you are sending messages to a real person, not just to a computer. So don’t type anything you wouldn't say to someone's face. Also, remember that the person who receives your message cannot hear the tone of your voice, or see the expression on your face. So make sure your meaning is clear.
Internet is a big place with lots of information, and there are many new things to discover. However, don't take anything without paying for it, unless it's free. Don’t use information that someone else has written, and say it's yours. Do share your knowledge of the Internet with others.
It's okay to express your opinions online in forums like chat rooms or message boards, but don't start arguments with people. \other members of the group. Express your ideas, but remember that fighting on or offline is not appropriate.
Remember that people judge you by your words as well as your actions, so do try to write well. Good writing skills, as well as correct grammar and spelling, do matter. Send polite, well-written messages to others. If you are uncertain about how to spell a word or which phrase to use, look it up. There are lots of helpful books and websites.
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【答案】The article gives us some advice on how to communicate properly online.First of all ,avoid something that you can't say in the face of others and get your message across clearly.Besides，be careful to use the information written by others. Moreover，never have an argument with others while chatting online.Last but not least, pay attention to your writing skills,which will be good for you. 【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章给了我们一些关于如何正确地在线交流的建议。 【详解】 1 要点摘录
①First, don’t type anything you wouldn't say to someone's face. ②Also, make sure your meaning is clear.
③Don’t use information that someone else has written but share your knowledge of the Internet with others. ④Don't start arguments with people. ⑤Do try to write well. 2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3个要点中的两部分进行整合，将第4、5要点进行适度发展，使细节完善。 3.遣词造句
First of all ,avoid something that you can't say in the face of others and get your message across clearly. Besides，be careful to use the information written by others.
Moreover，never have an argument with others while chatting online. Last but not least, pay attention to your writing skills,which will be good for you. 【点睛】
[高分句型1] First of all ,avoid something that you can't say in the face of others and get your message across clearly.（that后的内容为定语从句，修饰先行词something）
[高分句型2]Last but not least, pay attention to your writing skills,which will be good for you.（which之后内容为非限制性定语从句）
Passage2 （2020·上海杨浦区·高三期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Is Zero Waste?
The goal of the “zero waste” movement is to get rid of all waste from products. “Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
Creating a zero waste restaurant is a challenge. It is very difficult to use every part of produce and leave nothing behind. Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular way to use up extra food items. Other
ways are more advanced. Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
In the fashion industry, zero waste isn’t a new idea. But in today’s world of fast fashion, zero waste is growing more popular. Usually, cutting cloth creates lots of waste. In zero waste fashion, designers try to avoid this. One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products. All
restaurants need utensils（器皿）. Bakey’s is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils. After using them, you can eat them! Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors. While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat, they are perfect for rice dishes. Meanwhile, Air New Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice. They have already introduced a line of flavored cups. After you finish your coffee, you eat the cup, just like a cookie!
Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
【答案】Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity. Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers. Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils. Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide. 【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是零浪费。零浪费意味着从一个产品中消除所有的浪费，这个运动越来越流行。一些餐馆正在创造性地使用未使用的配料或食物残羹剩饭。时装设计师要么避免不必要的裁剪布料，要么寻找额外布料的新用途。此外，许多公司正在创造食用产品，特别是餐具。希望零浪费运动可以帮助减少全球的废物。 【详解】 1 要点摘录
1）“Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
2）Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
3）One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
4）Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products.
5）Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world. 2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点分别概括。 3.遣词造句
Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity. Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.
Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils. Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide. 【点睛】
[高分句型1] Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.运用动词不定式作定语修饰way，对第二段进行概括。
[高分句型2]：Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts.用avoid加动名词作宾语，用either …or连接并列成分，对第三段进行概括，表达非常高级。
Passage3 （2020·上海虹口区·高三期末）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Want to be a Smart Gift Giver?
During all kinds of holidays, millions of people will buy gifts for loved ones, which is great except that tons of those people will make the same glaring mistake, and buy the wrong gifts. What’s going on?
Gift buying has become a deceivingly selfish pursuit. We don’t actually look for things people want to receive. Instead, we tend to look for things that we want to give. It’s a subtle, but pretty significant problem.
Research has shown that givers tend to value the gifts they buy considerably more than receivers. Gifts are valued roughly 10 to 33 percent less by receivers than what givers paid for them. Joel Waldfogel noted this
in Scroogenomics: Why You Shouldn’t Buy Presents for the Holidays, his 2009 book on gift-giving.
The difference seems to come from a simple misplaced belief that thoughtful presents are the best presents. They are not. In fact, they might just be the worst presents. The more thought you put into a present, the more likely you are to stray from buying what the person you are buying the presents for actually wants.
In other words, people let their gift-giving egos (自我) get in the way of great presents, especially when the receiver is someone they want to show they know really well. Fortunately, the answer to our collective insistence on guessing what people want is simple: stop it.
If that’s too impersonal, there’s another helpful rule of thumb (经验之谈). Instead of buying restrictive gifts, like gift cards for specific stores, buy gifts that allow for flexibility, like gift cards that can be used more broadly (or, better yet, cash). People tend to prefer gift cards to actual gifts, and cash to both, Steffel explained. Steffel’s latest research, which focuses on gift card giving, points to exactly this point -- that versatility (用途广泛) is the key to better gift giving.
【答案】Although many people buy gifts during holidays, some may choose the wrong gifts. They buy what they want to give instead of what recipients prefer. As research shows, recipients value / appreciate gifts far less than givers. Actually, thoughtful presents turn out the worst ones. Therefore, stopping buying gifts or picking flexible ones, preferably cash, may work. 【分析】
这是一篇说明文。虽然很多人在节日期间买礼物，但有些人可能选错了礼物。他们买的是他们想给的东西，而不是受赠者喜欢的东西。研究表明，受赠者对礼物的重视程度远远低于送礼者。实际上，体贴的礼物往往是最糟糕的。因此，停止购买礼物或选择灵活的礼物，最好是现金，可能会奏效。 【详解】 1 要点摘录
①During holidays, many people will buy gifts for loved ones but they may buy the wrong gifts.
②We don’t actually look for things people want to receive but choose things that we want to give.
③Research has shown that givers tend to value the gifts they buy considerably more than receivers.
④Some believe that thoughtful presents are the best presents. In fact, they might just be the worst presents.
专题08书面表达之概要写作--2020-2021学年高三英语上学期期末考前题型分类冲刺练（解析版） - 图文
