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Unit3 Celebration
Lesson1 Chinese seasonal festival同步辅导与测试
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.(被动语态) 1.被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”。
注意:“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如 be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。如:
My bike is broken.(我的自行车坏了。) The door is open.(门开了。) 2.主动语态改被动语态的方法
1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如:
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He gave the boy an apple.→The boy was given an apple.(或An apple was given to the boy.)
Her father bought her a present.→She was bought a present by her father.(或A present was bought for her by her father.)
3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如:
They watched the children sing that morning.→The children were watched to sing that morning.
4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如:
We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang. He cut his hair short.→His hair was cut short. They told him to help me.→He was told to help me.
5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如:
We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of. 6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如:
People believe that he is ill.→It is believed that he is ill.(或:He is believed to be ill.) 3.被动语态改为主动语态的方法:
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