平山水库土石坝初步设计
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内 容 摘 要
平山水库位于G县城西南3公里处的平山河中游，该河系睦水的主要支流，全长28公里，流域面积为556平方公里，坝址以上控制流域面积431平方公里。由于平山河为山区性河流，雨后山洪常给农作物和村镇造成灾害，另外，当雨量分布不均时，又易造成干旱现象，因此有关部门对本地区作了多次勘测规划以开发这里的水利资源。经初步论证，该工程拟采用土石坝作为挡水建筑物，岸边溢洪道作为泄水建筑物。
本文对土石坝的概念和设计要求进行分析和研究，并对平山水利枢纽挡、泄水建筑物进行初步设计。
关键词：平山水库 土石坝 初步设计
Abstract
PingShan reservoir located at the middle reaches of the PingShan River which is 3 kilometers south-west of G county, the river is the main tributary of the Mu River. Its entire length is 28 kilometers and its basin covers 556 square kilometers, the controls drainage area over the dam is 431 square kilometers. Because PingShan River is a mountainous nature river, it usually causes damage to thecrops and villages by the flash floods after rained, in addition, when the rainfall is not regular, it will be easy to cause drought, so the relevant departments have provided a large amount of surveys for this region to exploit waterpower resources.After generally demonstration,the project is proposed to use earth and rockfill dam as the water retaining structure, the shore spillway as the water release structure.
This thesis is mainly to give a analysis and research to the concept and design requirements of earth and rockfill dam, and make a preliminary design for the water retaining structure and the water release structure.
Key words: PingShan reservoir rockfill dam preliminary design
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目 录
前 言 ··············································································· 1 1 基本资料及设计数据 ····························································· 3
1.1 基本资料 ····································································· 3 1.2设计数据 ······································································ 4 2 枢纽布置 ············································································ 1
2.1 枢纽的组成建筑物及等级 ················································ 1 2.2各组成建筑物的选择 ······················································· 1 2.3 枢纽总体布置方案的确定 ··············································· 3 3 土石坝设计 ········································································· 4
3.1坝型选择 ······································································ 4 3.2土石坝基本剖面的拟定 ···················································· 5 3.3防渗体设计 ··································································· 7 3.4土石坝渗流及稳定分析计算 ·············································· 8 3.5顶部构造 ···································································· 17 3.6护坡设计 ···································································· 17 3.7坝顶、坝面排水设计 ····················································· 18 3.8 坝体排水设计 ····························································· 18 3.9反滤层和过渡层 ··························································· 20 3.10 地基处理及坝体与地基岸坡的连接 ································· 21 3.11裂缝处理 ·································································· 22 4 溢洪道设计 ······································································· 24
4.1 溢洪道路线选择和平面位置的确定 ·································· 24 4.2 溢洪道基本数据 ·························································· 24 4.3 工程布置 ··································································· 24 4.4溢洪道地基处理 ··························································· 33 5设计成果说明 ····································································· 33
5.1土石坝 ······································································· 33 5.2溢洪道 ······································································· 34 参 考 文 献 ········································································· 34 致 谢 ················································································ 35
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前 言
根据教学要求，毕业设计对水利水电工程专业学生进行的最后一项教学环节。本次设计内容为TS水利枢纽挡、泄水建筑物的初步设计，具体设计以位于G县城西南3公里处的平山河中游的平山水库为蓝本，平山河全长28公里，流域面积为556平方公里，坝址以上控制流域面积431平方公里。由于平山河为山区性河流，雨后山洪常给农作物和村镇造成灾害，另外，当雨量分布不均时，又易造成干旱现象，因此有关部门对本地区作了多次勘测规划以开发这里的水利资源。经初步论证，该工程拟采用土石坝作为挡水建筑物，岸边溢洪道作为泄水建筑物。本文将对土石坝的概念和设计要求进行分析和研究，并对平山水利枢纽挡、泄水建筑物进行初步设计。它基本包括一般水利枢纽所需进行的水工初步设计过程。
土石坝是指由当地土料、石料或混合料，经过抛填、辗压方法堆筑成的坝，是历史最为悠久的一种坝型，是世界坝工建设中应用最为广泛和发展最快的一种坝型，全世界所建的百米以上高坝中，土石坝所占的比重在呈逐年增长趋势，20世纪50年代以前为30%，60年代接近40%，70年代接近60%，至80年代后增至70%以上。据不完全统计，我国兴建的各种类型的坝共有8.48万余座，其中95%以上为土石坝。由于土石坝工程施工简单、地质条件要求低、造价便宜，并可以就地取材且料源丰富，因此土石坝在我国的高坝中所占的比重也在逐年增加，目前已建成的的天生桥一级面板堆石坝，高178m，在建的瀑布沟砾石土心墙堆石坝，高186m，在建的水布垭面板堆石坝，高233m，在建的扎糯渡心墙堆石坝，高261.5m。目前，土石坝工程建设水平和技术不断提高和发展，特别是20世纪90年代以来，我国土石坝坝高开始向300m级高度研发和建设。目前世界最高的土石坝，同时也是世界最高的水坝是位于塔吉克斯坦共和国阿姆河支流瓦赫什河上的罗贡坝，最大坝高335m，坝顶长660m，坝顶宽20m，底宽1500m，坝体体积7550万m3，库容133亿dm3，水电装机360万kw，工程主要任务是灌溉与发电。世界第二高坝是位于塔吉克斯坦境内瓦赫什河的布利桑京峡谷的努列克土质心墙土石坝。最大坝高300m，坝顶长704m，库容105亿m3，为季调节水库。
随着石方填筑质量的提高，面板接缝以及面板与岸坡和坝基连接结构的改进， 钢筋混凝土斜墙结构的完善，现代混凝土面板堆石坝得到了大力推广。因为混凝土面板堆石坝不但具备了土石坝的基本特点，而且在采用同等施工技术条件下，该坝型的填方量和防渗结构的工程量最小，是所有土石坝中最经济的坝型，结构也较为合理，目前成为当前土石坝发展的主要趋势。
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平山水库采用粘土心墙土石坝作为挡水建筑物，岸边溢洪道作为泄水建筑物，枢纽主要任务以灌溉发电为主，并结合防洪，航运，养鱼及供水等任务进行开发。根据初步规划，本工程灌溉面积为20万亩（高程在102m以上），装机9万千瓦。防洪方面，由于水库调洪作用，使平山河下游不致洪水成灾，同时配合下游睦水水利枢纽，对睦水下游也能起到一定的防洪作用，在流域规划中规定本枢纽在通过设计洪水流量时，控制最大泄流流量不超过900 m3 /s。在航运方面，上游库区能增加航运里程20公里，下游可利用发电尾水等航运条件，使平山河下游四季都能筏运，并拟建竹木最大过坝能力为25吨的筏道。
本设计历时五个月，在此过程中参考近二十本相关图书，运用Geo-slope软件进行渗流计算和稳定计算，运用AutoCAD软件将设计结果图像化，更加直观明白的表现出设计成果，同时毕业设计辅导老师乔娟老师给予我相关指导和帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢。由于本人水平有限，设计不可能完全妥当，对设计中的疏误或不当之处，敬请指正。
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平山水库土石坝初步设计毕业设计
